Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector during 2011 data taking

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon–nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum bunch crossing rate to the approximate 400 Hz which can be written to offline storage. The ATLAS jet trigger is the primary means for the online selection of events containing jets. Events are accepted by the trigger if they contain one or more jets above some transverse energy threshold. During 2011 data taking the jet trigger was fully efficient for jets with transverse energy above 25 GeV for triggers seeded randomly at Level 1. For triggers which require a jet to be identified at each of the three trigger levels, full efficiency is reached for offline jets with transverse energy above 60 GeV. Jets reconstructed in the final trigger level and corresponding to offline jets with transverse energy greater than 60 GeV, are reconstructed with a resolution in transverse energy with respect to offline jets, of better than 4 % in the central region and better than 2.5 % in the forward direction

Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon + jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

Results from the first study of isolated-photon + jet correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions are reported. The analysis uses data from PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 inverse microbarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. For events containing an isolated photon with transverse momentum pt(gamma) > 60 GeV and an associated jet with pt(Jet) > 30 GeV, the photon + jet pt imbalance is studied as a function of collision centrality and compared to pp data and PYTHIA calculations at the same collision energy. Using the pt(gamma) of the isolated photon as an estimate of the momentum of the associated parton at production, this measurement allows an unbiased characterisation of the in-medium parton energy loss. For more central PbPb collisions, a significant decrease in the ratio pt(Jet)/pt(gamma) relative to that in the PYTHIA reference is observed. Furthermore, significantly more pt(gamma) > 60 GeV photons in PbPb are observed not to have an associated pt(Jet) > 30 GeV jet, compared to the reference. However, no significant broadening of the photon + jet azimuthal correlation is observed.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Study of W boson production in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

A measurement is presented of W-boson production in PbPb collisions carried out at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s[NN]) of 2.76 TeV at the LHC using the CMS detector. In data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.3 inverse microbarns, the number of W to mu mu-neutrino decays is extracted in the region of muon pseudorapidity abs(eta[mu])<2.1 and transverse momentum pt[mu]>25 GeV. Yields of muons found per unit of pseudorapidity correspond to (159 +/- 10 (stat.) +/- 12 (syst.)) 10E-8 W(plus) and (154 +/- 10 (stat.) +/- 12 (syst.)) 10E-8 W(minus) bosons per minimum-bias PbPb collision. The dependence of W production on the centrality of PbPb collisions is consistent with a scaling of the yield by the number of incoherent NN collisions. The yield of W bosons is also studied in a sample of pp interactions at sqrt(s)= 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 231 inverse nanobarns. The individual W(plus) and W(minus) yields in PbPb and pp collisions are found to agree, once the neutron and proton content in Pb nuclei is taken into account. Likewise, the difference observed in the dependence of the positive and negative muon production on pseudorapidity is consistent with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in PbPb and pPb collisions at √=sNN=5.02 TeV

The spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η| < 1 at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV are measured using 404 µb −1 of PbPb and 27.4 pb−1 of pp data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The spectra are presented over the transverse momentum ranges spanning 0.5 < pT < 400 GeV in pp and 0.7 < pT < 400 GeV in PbPb collisions. The corresponding nuclear modification factor, RAA, is measured in bins of collision centrality. The RAA in the 5% most central collisions shows a maximal suppression by a factor of 7–8 in the pT region of 6–9 GeV. This dip is followed by an increase, which continues up to the highest pT measured, and approaches unity in the vicinity of pT = 200 GeV. The RAA is compared to theoretical predictions and earlier experimental results at lower collision energies. The newly measured pp spectrum is combined with the pPb spectrum previously published by the CMS collaboration to construct the pPb nuclear modification factor, RpA, up to 120 GeV. For pT > 20 GeV, RpA exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity

Breast cancer typing using RT-PCR assay [вОЗМОЖнОСТи ТиПирОваниЯ раКа МОЛОЧнОй ЖеЛеЗы С иСПОЛьЗОваниеМ МеТОдиКи ОТ-ПЦр]

Introduction. adjuvant systemic therapy remains one of the main options for treating breast cancer. Results of standard immunohistochemical studies are not always a criterion for selecting systemic therapy. Nowadays, multigene expression analysis is actively used to predict the response to chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. We studied a 24-gene multi-gene panel for typing breast cancer. Material and Methods. a prospective analysis of 199 breast cancer patients (t1–3N0–3M0) was carried out. surgical specimens were studied using the standard immunohistochemistry (IHc) and Rt-PcR for detecting expression of 24 genes. Results. according to the IHc results, breast cancer was divided into 5 molecular subtypes: luminal a was detected in 59 (30 %) patients; luminal B (HER2-negative) in 52 (26 %); luminal B (HER2-positive) in 19 (9 %); triple-negative in 28 (14 %); HER2-positive 41 (21 %). Rt-PcR showed that stK15, MYc, MYBL2, BIRcc5, BcL2, tERt, EsRP1, PGR, HER2, GBR7, MGB1 and MMP11 were the most significant genes in subtype distribution. the total percentage of matches between the two studies was 61.7 %. Conclusion. studies have shown the need to add additional typing methods for breast cancer to a standard IHc study, which will undoubtedly increase the information content of diagnostic measures and will improve the effectiveness of the treatment. © 2019 Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

Возможности типирования рака молочной железы с использованием методики ОТ-ПЦР

Introduction. Adjuvant systemic therapy remains one of the main options for treating breast cancer. Results of standard immunohistochemical studies are not always a criterion for selecting systemic therapy. Nowadays, multigene expression analysis is actively used to predict the response to chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. We studied a 24-gene multi-gene panel for typing breast cancer. Material and Methods. A prospective analysis of 199 breast cancer patients (T1-3N0-3M0) was carried out. Surgical specimens were studied using the standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR for detecting expression of 24 genes. Results. According to the IHC results, breast cancer was divided into 5 molecular subtypes: luminal A was detected in 59 (30 %) patients; luminal B (HER2-negative) in 52 (26 %); luminal B (HER2-positive) in 19 (9 %); triple-negative in 28 (14 %); HER2-positive 41 (21 %). RT-PCR showed that STK15, MYC, MYBL2, BIRCC5, BCL2, TERT, ESRP1, PGR, HER2, GBR7, MGB1 and MMP11 were the most significant genes in subtype distribution. The total percentage of matches between the two studies was 61.7 %. Conclusion. Studies have shown the need to add additional typing methods for breast cancer to a standard IHC study, which will undoubtedly increase the information content of diagnostic measures and will improve the effectiveness of the treatment.Введение. Адъювантная системная терапия остается одним из основных методов лечения у больных раком молочной железы. Результаты стандартного иммуногистохимического исследования не всегда в полной мере являются критерием для выбора системной терапии. Для прогнозирования эффективности лечения при ранних стадиях активно применяется мультигенный экспрессионный анализ. Была изучена отечественная мультигенная панель, состоящая из 24 генов, позволяющая типировать рак молочной железы. Материал и методы. Проводился проспективный анализ 199 больных РМЖ (T1-3N0-3M0), в ходе которого операционный материал подвергался стандартному иммуногистохимическому исследованию, а также он изучался методом ОТ-ПЦР с выявлением экспрессии 24 генов. Результаты. По результатам ИГХ осуществлялось молекулярное типирование РМЖ с выделением 5 подтипов: люминальный тип А был выявлен у 59 (30 %) больных; люминальный В (HER2-негативный) -у 52 (26 %); люминальный В (HER2-позитивный) - у 19 (9 %); трижды негативный - у 28 (14 %); HER2-позитивный - у 41 (21 %) пациента. По данным ОТ-ПЦР наиболее значимыми генами в распределении на подтипы рака молочной железы являлись: STK15, MYC, MYBL2, BIRCC5, BCL2, TERT, ESRP1, PGR, HER2, GBR7, MGB1 и MMP11. При дальнейшем анализе суммарное число совпадений данных двух исследований составило 61,7 %. Заключение. Проведенные исследования продемонстрировали необходимость добавления дополнительных методов типирования рака молочной железы к стандартному ИГХ-исследованию, что, несомненно, повысит информативность диагностических мероприятий и позволит повысить эффективность проводимого лечения

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЕРВИЧНОГО ОПУХОЛЕВОГО ОЧАГА И МЕТАСТАТИЧЕСКИХ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛОВ ПРИ РАКЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The purpose of systemic treatment in patients with breast cancer is based largely on the molecular characteristics of the primary tumor, but many clinical recommendations suggest also the study of metastatic nodes with an assessment of their receptor status (estrogen receptor ER, progesterone receptor RP, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 Her2/neu). This is due to the fact that according to numerous studies, the discrepancy between the status of the primary tumor and the secondary nodes can reach high rates: 3-54 % for ER, 5-78 % for RP, and 0-34 % for Her2/neu. At the same time, more and more data actively demonstrate the imperfection of immunohistochemical analysis and the need to study additional parameters to improve the quality of diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. Material and methods. A morphological and immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue of the primary node and axillary lymph nodes was performed in 199 patients with breast cancer (T1-3N0-3M0) using standard methods, and RT-PCR was also studied with the expression of 24 genes. Results. The incidence of differences between the molecular phenotypes of the main tumor and metastatic axillary lymph nodes was 26 (26 %) of 99 cases. Most often, differences were noted in cases of breast cancer with luminal A type - 13 cases (50 %). According to the results of a comparative PCR analysis of tissue samples from the primary tumor and metastatic regional lymph nodes, only the expression of the CD68, ERSR1, GRB7 and MMD11 receptors was statistically significant. Conclusion. The results indicate the need for an integrated approach and additional methods for the diagnosis of breast cancer, which will undoubtedly improve the quality of planning and the effectiveness of systemic treatment in patients with breast cancer.Назначение системного лечения у больных раком молочной железы (РМЖ) основано в большей степени на молекулярных характеристиках первичной опухоли, однако многие клинические рекомендации предлагают исследование также метастатических очагов с оценкой их рецепторного статуса (рецепторов эстрогена (РЭ), рецепторов прогестерона (РП), рецепторов эпидермального фактора роста человека Her2/neu). Это обусловлено тем, что по данным многочисленных исследований несоответствие статуса первичной опухоли и вторичных узлов может достигать высоких показателей: 3-54 % для РЭ, 5-78 % для РП и 0-34 % для Her2/neu. В то же время все больше данных свидетельствуют о несовершенстве иммуногистохимического анализа и необходимости изучения дополнительных параметров для повышения качества диагностики больных РМЖ. Материал и методы. Выполнялось морфологическое и иммуногистохимическое изучение опухолевой ткани первичного узла и аксиллярных лимфатических узлов у 199 больных РМЖ (T1-3N0-3M0) по стандартным методикам, также проводилось исследование методом ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией с выявлением экспрессии 24 генов. Результаты. Частота различий молекулярных фенотипов основного опухолевого и пораженных аксиллярных лимфатических узлов составила 26 (26 %) из 99 случаев. Наиболее часто различия отмечались в случаях РМЖ с люминальным типом А - 13 случаев (50 %). По результатам сравнительного ПЦР-анализа опухолевой ткани основного опухолевого узла и пораженных регионарных лимфатических узлов статистически значимыми являлась лишь экспрессия рецепторов CD68, ERSR1, GRB7 и MMD11. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости комплексного подхода и проведения дополнительных методов диагностики РМЖ, что, несомненно, повысит качество планирования и эффективность системного лечения у больных РМЖ