The structural, magnetic, and optical properties of flame spray pyrolysis-derived spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles

Bu çalışmada, spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparçacıkları tek aşamalı alev sprey piroliz tekniği kullanılarak sentezlenmiş ve 500◦C'de 4 saat süreyle tavlamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Tavlama öncesi ve sonrasında nanoparçacıkların termal, yapısal, elementel, morfolojik, manyetik ve fotolüminesans özellikleri sırasıyla termogravimetri-diferansiyel termal analizör, X-ışını kırınımı (XRD), X-ışını fotoelektron spektroskopisi, taramalı elektron mikroskopisi, dinamik ışık saçılımı, titreşimli örnek manyetometresi ve floresans spektrometresi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, tavlama sonrası partikül boyutunda ortalama 80 nm'den yaklaşık 140 nm'ye belirgin bir artış olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. XRD, kübik spinel yapının, ek fazlar ortaya çıkmadan, ısıl işlem sonrası artan kristallik ve tane büyümesi ile korunduğunu doğruladı. Fotolüminesans analizi, hem hazırlandığı haliyle hem de tavlama sonrası yaklaşık 364 nm'de uyarma ile 500 nm'de mavi emisyona ve 550 nm'de yeşil emisyona yol açan farklı mavi ve yeşil emisyon bantları gösterdi. Ek olarak, manyetik karakterizasyon, tavlama işleminin manyetik özellikler üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin altını çizerek, doygunluk mıknatıslanmasında hazır numuneler için 16.31 emu/g'dan tavlama sonrası 29.68 emu/g'a bir iyileşme olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, ısıl işlemle manyetik ve fotolüminesans özelliklerinde yapılan değişikliklerle manyetik veri depolama, hedefe yönelik ilaç dağıtımı ve biyo-görüntüleme alanlarındaki uygulamalar için uyarlanmış NiFe2O4 nanoparçacıklarının potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.In this study, spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized employing a one-step flame spray pyrolysis technique and subjected to annealing at 500◦C for 4 h.Thermal, structural, elemental, morphological, magnetic, and photolumines-cence properties of the nanoparticles before and after annealing were evaluatedusing thermogravimetry–differential thermal analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic lightscattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, and fluorescence spectrometer,respectively. Results revealed a pronounced increase in particle size from an aver-age of 80 nm to approximately 140 nm postannealing. XRD verified the retentionof the cubic spinel structure with enhanced crystallinity and grain enlarge-ment post-thermal treatment, without the emergence of additional phases. Thephotoluminescence analysis showed distinct blue and green emission bands,with excitation at about 364 nm leading to blue emission at 500 nm and greenemission at 550 nm both as-prepared and postannealing. Additionally, magneticcharacterization revealed an improvement in saturation magnetization from16.31 emu/g for the as-prepared samples to 29.68 emu/g postannealing, under-scoring the annealing process’s positive impact on magnetic properties. Thesefindings emphasize the potential of tailored NiFe2 O 4 nanoparticles for applica-tions in magnetic data storage, targeted drug delivery, and bioimaging, driven bymodifications in their magnetic and photoluminescence characteristics throughthermal treatment.</h1

Why are Turkish nurses migrating? A mixed-methods study

Aim: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nurses’ migration patterns in Turkey. Background: The flow of nurse migration from developing countries to developed countries is steadily increasing. As a result, countries that are sources of migration tend to develop domestic inequities with respect to the population's ability to access health services. In particular, fragile economic conditions and the pandemic triggered the migration of nurses from Turkey, a developing country. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method explanatory sequential design and was conducted in Turkey between April and November 2022. The decision to migrate was the focus of both the quantitative aspect, involving 237 participants, and the qualitative aspect, with 20 participants. Quantitative data were gathered through a questionnaire, and qualitative data were obtained using open-ended questions during in-depth individual interviews. We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist in the quantitative phase and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist in the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: In the quantitative stage of the study, nurses’ reasons for deciding to migrate were identified as economic conditions, working conditions, society's outlook on the profession, political factors, and professional growth opportunities. In the qualitative stage, four major themes influencing nurse migration patterns emerged: devaluation and poor collegiality in nursing; inadequate management support; negative work environment; and health, social, and economic policies. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the three factors most influential in the decision to migrate were economic issues, a negative work environment, and political climate. Implications for nursing and health policy: In developing countries, there is an urgent need for nurse administrators and health workforce decision-makers to create healthy working conditions and manage resources efficiently, focusing on improving nurses’ economic situations while developing appropriate nationwide and international strategies

Gut Microbiome and Tissue Morphology Modulatory Effects of Hazelnut (Natural, Roasted, and Skin) Fibers in Different Colonic Segments of Mice

To reveal the functional properties of hazelnut dietary fibers (DFs) in different colonic segments (cecum, proximal, and distal colon), a diet enriched with natural hazelnut, roasted hazelnut, or hazelnut skin DFs was applied to mice for 6 weeks; microbial metabolites, microbial composition, and tissue morphology were determined segmentally using gas chromatography, 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and microscopy, respectively. Roasted hazelnut DFs revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher propionate in the cecum of female mice, while hazelnut skin DFs significantly increased the butyrate level in the distal colon of male counterparts. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed hazelnut DFs promoted the Lactobacillus animalis, L. gasseri, and Akkermansia muciniphila related OTUs, especially in the proximal colon, but the degrees of promotions were hazelnut type-, segment- and sex-dependent. Interestingly, hazelnut skin DFs significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated Prevotella related OTUs in the distal colon regardless of sex, which is known to have great ability to utilize dietary polysaccharides. Furthermore, hazelnut skin DF group had higher crypt height values, suggesting that hazelnut skin DFs have ability to maintain saccharolytic activity in more distal region of the colon. Overall, our results demonstrate that hazelnut DFs differentially impact microbial metabolite formation, microbiota composition and tissue morphology in different segments of the colon

Some Observations on the Architecture of the Roman Theatre of Iznik (Nicaea)

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Verification Analyses for the Detection of Bovine and Porcine Species in Foods Containing Animal Gelatin with Q-Exactive ORBITRAP Device

Animal-derived gelatins are widely used in a variety of foods such as biscuits, chewing gum, chocolate, jelly beans, and confectionery, as well as medicines and food supplements. However, high temperatures, chemical treatments, and other methods used in the production process can damage the animal genes in the gelatin. This makes it difficult to extract DNA from gelatin-containing products and prevents the detection of animal species by technological methods such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This problem clearly demonstrates the need for new and more advanced technologies for species identification. In such cases where traditional methods are inadequate, more sensitive and reliable technological approaches should be developed. In this study, verification studies were conducted for species detection on 124 animal gelatin-containing products that could not be identified by RT-PCR due to DNA degradation. This was achieved using Quadrupole (Q) Exactive Orbitrap, a new generation molecular technology. As a result of the study, 62 samples containing bovine gelatin were spiked with 1% pork gelatin, and 62 of the samples were found to be positive for porks by Orbitrap. Similarly, 62 of the 62 samples containing pork gelatin spiked with 1% bovine gelatin were detected as bovine positive by Orbitrap. In this context, successful results were obtained in the detection of beef and pork species with LOD 1% level. The developed method was verified in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. As a result, limits of quantification (LOQ) were ranging from 10.0 mu g/L. As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to positive and negative controls

To compete or cooperate: The application of system dynamics simulation on the choice of Chinese banks

This paper uses Evolutionary Game Model and System Dynamics Simulation to explore the impact of interest rate liberalization policy and guanxi on competition among Chinese banks. The results show that the guanxi is a key factor to push both large and small banks to cooperate with each other in the interest rate fully limited period. However, during the partial liberalization period, large banks and small banks display different behaviors, with the former adopting a cooperative approach due to guanxi while the latter choose to compete. In the fully liberalized period, the declining impact of guanxi on business drives large banks to compete in the market with lower interest rates. In general, guanxi is a major factor that hinders competition and results in varying lending rates in the market

Regorafenib Treatment for Recurrent Glioblastoma Beyond Bevacizumab-Based Therapy: A Large, Multicenter, Real-Life Study

Background/Objectives: In the REGOMA trial, regorafenib demonstrated an overall survival advantage over lomustine, and it has become a recommended treatment for recurrent glioblastoma in guidelines. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of regorafenib as a third-line treatment for patients with recurrent glioblastoma who progressed while taking bevacizumab-based therapy. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study in Turkey included 65 patients treated between 2021 and 2023 across 19 oncology centers. The main inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma, progression after second-line bevacizumab-based treatment, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of ≤2. Patients received regorafenib 160 mg once daily for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. Results: The median age of the patients was 53 years (18–67 years), with a median progression-free survival of 2.5 months (95% Confidence Interval: 2.23–2.75) and a median overall survival of 4.1 months (95% CI: 3.52–4.68). The median overall survival was improved in patients who received subsequent therapy after regorafenib treatment compared with those who did not (p = 0.022). Progression-free survival was longer in patients with ECOG 0–1 than in those with ECOG 2 (p = 0.042). The safety profile was consistent with that of the REGOMA trial, with no drug-related deaths observed. Conclusions: Regorafenib shows good efficacy and safety as a third-line treatment for recurrent glioblastoma after bevacizumab-based therapy. This study supports the use of regorafenib and emphasizes the need for further randomized studies to validate its role and optimize treatment strategies