Outside and Inside the Surface. A Statue of Apollo from Villa Corsini in Castello (Florence)

This paper focuses on a marble statue representing the god Apollo as an archer, from the collections of the National Archaeological Museum of Florence (MAF), now exhibited at Villa Corsini in Castello (Florence). The larger-than- life-size statue has been considered a Roman pastiche: a head derived from a 4th century BCE (Before Common Era) prototype was joined to a body inspired by models from the beginning of the 5th century BCE. In this perspective, it would be important to define whether this pastiche is a Roman or a Modern work. Having no information about the provenance of this unique sculpture, this research sheds new light on its biography through the investigation of its materiality. Specifically, 3D Ultrasonic Tomography is employed to examine marble characteristics. The obtained velocity model shows interesting results, highlighting areas of obvious integrations and possible metal pins, to join parts of the statue. The analysis of these results leads to the idea that the statue was probably reassembled in modern times, in a way that is not entirely consistent with its original appearance

Mixed atomistic–implicit quantum/classical approach to molecular nanoplasmonics

A multiscale quantum mechanical (QM)/classical approach is presented that is able to model the optical properties of complex nanostructures composed of a molecular system adsorbed on metal nanoparticles. The latter is described by a combined atomistic-continuum model, where the core is described using the implicit boundary element method (BEM) and the surface retains a fully atomistic picture and is treated employing the frequency-dependent fluctuating charge and fluctuating dipole (ωFQFμ) approach. The integrated QM/ωFQFμ-BEM model is numerically compared with state-of-the-art fully atomistic approaches, and the quality of the continuum/core partition is evaluated. The method is then extended to compute surface-enhanced Raman scattering within a time-dependent density functional theory framework

Reweighting simulated events using machine-learning techniques in the CMS experiment

Data analyses in particle physics rely on an accurate simulation of particle collisions and a detailed simulation of detector effects to extract physics knowledge from the recorded data. Event generators together with a geant-based simulation of the detectors are used to produce large samples of simulated events for analysis by the LHC experiments. These simulations come at a high computational cost, where the detector simulation and reconstruction algorithms have the largest CPU demands. This article describes how machine-learning (ML) techniques are used to reweight simulated samples obtained with a given set of parameters to samples with different parameters or samples obtained from entirely different simulation programs. The ML reweighting method avoids the need for simulating the detector response multiple times by incorporating the relevant information in a single sample through event weights. Results are presented for reweighting to model variations and higher-order calculations in simulated top quark pair production at the LHC. This ML-based reweighting is an important element of the future computing model of the CMS experiment and will facilitate precision measurements at the High-Luminosity LHC

HYPERION : Broad-band X-ray-to-near-infrared emission of quasars in the first billion years of the Universe

Aims.We aim to characterize the X-ray-to-optical/near-infrared(NIR) broad-band emission of luminous quasars (QSOs) in the first gigayear (Gyr) of cosmic evolution in order to decipher whether or not they exhibit differences compared to the lower-z QSO population. Our goal is also to provide a reliable and uniform catalog of derivable properties for these objects (from fitting their spectral energy distribution), such as bolometric and monochromatic luminosities, Eddington ratios, dust extinction, and the strength of the hot dust emission. Methods. We gathered all available photometry -from XMM-Newton proprietary data in X-rays to rest-frame NIR wavelengths- for the 18 QSOs in the HYPERION samples (6.0 ≤ z ≤ 7.5). For sources lacking uniform NIR coverage, we conducted NIR observations in the J, H, and K bands. To increase the statistical robustness of our analysis across the UV-to-NIR region, we add 36 additional sources to our sample from the E-XQR-30 sample with 5.7 ≲ z ≲ 6.6. We characterized the X-ray/UV emission of each QSO using average SEDs from luminous Type 1 sources and calculated bolometric and monochromatic luminosities. Finally, we constructed a mean SED extending from the X-rays to the NIR bands. Results. We find that the UV-optical emission of these QSOs can be modeled with templates of z ∼ 2 luminous QSOs. We observe that the bolometric luminosities derived while adopting some bolometric corrections at 3000Å (BC3000Å) largely used in the literature are slightly overestimated, by 0.13 dex, as they also include reprocessed IR emission. We estimate a revised value of BC3000Å = 3.3, which can be used to derive Lbol in z ≥ 6 QSOs.We provide a subsample of 11 QSOs with rest-frame NIR photometry; these show a broad range of hot dust emission strength, with two sources exhibiting low levels of emission. Despite potential observational biases arising from nonuniform photometric coverage and selection biases, we produce an X-ray-to-NIR mean SED for QSOs at z ≳ 6 that is a good match to templates of lower-redshift, luminous QSOs up to the UV-optical range, with a slightly enhanced contribution from hot dust in the NIR

Review of top quark mass measurements in CMS

The top quark mass is one of the most intriguing parameters of the standard model (SM). Its value indicates a Yukawa coupling close to unity, and the resulting strong ties to Higgs physics make the top quark mass a crucial ingredient for understanding essential aspects of the electroweak sector of the SM. This review offers the first comprehensive overview of the top quark mass measurements performed by the CMS Collaboration using the data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Moreover, a detailed description of the top quark event reconstruction is provided and dedicated studies of the dominant uncertainties in the modelling of the signal processes are discussed. The interpretation of the experimental results on the top quark mass in terms of the SM Lagrangian parameter is challenging and is a focus of an ongoing discussion in the theory community. The CMS Collaboration has performed two main types of top quark mass measurements, addressing this challenge from different perspectives: highly precise ‘direct’ measurements, based on reconstructed top quark decay products and relying exclusively on Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as ‘indirect’ measurements, where the simulations are employed to determine parton-level cross sections that are compared to fixed-order perturbative calculations. Recent mass extractions using Lorentz-boosted top quarks open a new avenue of measurements based on top quark decay products contained in a single particle jet, with promising prospects for accurate theoretical interpretations

Evidence of the fast acceleration of AGN-driven winds at kiloparsec scales

Supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies gain mass through accretion disks. Different models predict that quasi-spherical winds, expelled by black holes during accretion, have a key role in galaxy evolution through regulating star formation and the distribution of metals over kiloparsec scales and sweeping ambient gas to the outskirts of galaxies. Nonetheless, the mechanism that drives these outflows and the amount of energy exchanged between the wind and the galaxy’s interstellar medium remain unclear. Here we analyse the kinematic properties of these winds in a sample of nearby active galaxies using the MOKA3D model, which reproduces the clumpy nature of the interstellar medium. We provide evidence that outflows exhibit a regular radial velocity trend—initially constant or slightly decreasing, followed by rapid acceleration starting at approximately 1 kpc from the nucleus—despite the seemingly complex kinematics. The observed behaviour is consistent with current theoretical understanding of active galactic nucleus outflows, where a momentum-driven phase transitions to an energy-conserving phase beyond 1 kpc. The constant velocity of the momentum-driven wind is then rapidly accelerated following inefficient Compton cooling of post-shock material. The measured radial terminal velocities of the outflows are larger than the escape velocities from the host galaxies, confirming the role of outflows in shaping galaxy evolution as a manifestation of active galactic nucleus feedback

Search for excited tau leptons in the ττγ final state in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{\text{s}} = 13 TeV

Results are presented for a test of the compositeness of the heaviest charged lepton, τ, using data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected in 2016–2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. This analysis searches for tau lepton pair production in which one of the tau leptons is produced in an excited state and decays to a ground state tau lepton and a photon. The event selection consists of two isolated tau lepton decay candidates and a high-energy photon. The mass of the excited tau lepton is reconstructed using the missing transverse momentum in the event, assuming the momentum of the neutrinos from each tau lepton decay are aligned with the visible decay products. No excess of events above the standard model background prediction is observed. This null result is used to set lower bounds on the excited tau lepton mass. For a compositeness scale Λ equal to the excited tau lepton mass, excited tau leptons with masses below 4700 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level; for Λ = 10 TeV this exclusion is set at 2800 GeV. This is the first experimental result covering this production and decay process in the excited tau mass range above 175 GeV

Les Catholiques et leur Roi: Pierre Matthieu et la fin des guerres de religion, 1585-1595

Longtemps réduit à l’image d’un ligueur marginal, Pierre Matthieu (1563–1621), juriste, historien et dramaturge franc-comtois, apparaît comme l’un des représentants les plus éloquents du catholicisme exclusiviste, majoritaire en France durant toute la période des guerres de religion, et trop souvent confondu, à tort, avec la Ligue. L’examen de ses œuvres, de sa culture et de son ancrage lyonnais permet une relecture d’ensemble de son engagement et, à travers lui, de la culture politique des catholiques français dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. Il met en lumière l’existence d’un catholicisme militant, non nécessairement ligueur, de portée transnationale et forgé dans l’esprit de la Contre-Réforme, qui œuvre activement à la confessionnalisation du royaume. Dans cette perspective, la fin des guerres de religion n’apparaît plus comme le triomphe d’une autonomisation du politique, mais comme l’aboutissement d’un projet de restauration religieuse porté par la majorité des catholiques