Is There a Place for Islam in the West? Adjudicating the Muslim Headscarf in Europe and the United States

The short essay describes the two judgments (Achbita and Bougnauoi) of the CJEU that addressed the issue of the Islamic veil in the workplace. It explores its newness and implications, in the light of the American experience as well as of the European understanding of the public role of religion

Age of Information: Whittle Index for Scheduling Stochastic Arrivals

Age of information is a new concept that characterizes the freshness of information at end devices. This paper studies the age of information from a scheduling perspective. We consider a wireless broadcast network where a base-station updates many users on stochastic information arrivals. Suppose that only one user can be updated for each time. In this context, we aim at developing a transmission scheduling algorithm for minimizing the long-run average age. To develop a low-complexity transmission scheduling algorithm, we apply the Whittle's framework for restless bandits. We successfully derive the Whittle index in a closed form and establish the indexability. Based on the Whittle index, we propose a scheduling algorithm, while experimentally showing that it closely approximates an age-optimal scheduling algorithm.Comment: ISIT 201

Heights and the Specialization Map for Families of Elliptic Curves over P^n

For $n\geq 2$, let $K=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbb{P}^n)=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(T_1, \ldots, T_n)$. Let $E/K$ be the elliptic curve defined by a minimal Weiestrass equation $y^2=x^3+Ax+B$, with $A,B \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}[T_1, \ldots, T_n]$. There's a canonical height $\hat{h}_{E}$ on $E(K)$ induced by the divisor $(O)$, where $O$ is the zero element of $E(K)$. On the other hand, for each smooth hypersurface $\Gamma$ in $\mathbb{P}^n$ such that the reduction mod $\Gamma$ of $E$, $E_{\Gamma} / \overline{\mathbb{Q}}(\Gamma)$ is an elliptic curve with the zero element $O_\Gamma$, there is also a canonical height $\hat{h}_{E_{\Gamma}}$ on $E_{\Gamma}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(\Gamma))$ that is induced by $(O_\Gamma)$. We prove that for any $P \in E(K)$, the equality $\hat{h}_{E_{\Gamma}}(P_\Gamma)/ \deg \Gamma =\hat{h}_{E}(P)$ holds for almost all hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^n$. As a consequence, we show that for infinitely many $t \in \mathbb{P}^n(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$, the specialization map $\sigma_t : E(K) \rightarrow E_t(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$ is injective.Comment: updated versio