On the generating power of regularly controlled bidirection grammars

RCB-grammars or regularly controlled bidirectional grammars are context-free grammars of which the rules can be used in a productive and in a reductive fashion. In addition, the application of these\ud rules is controlled by a regular language. Several modes of derivation can be distinguished for this kind of grammar. In this paper the generating power of the derivation mode that uses right-occurrence rewriting (RO-mode) is determined. Furthermore, a new mode called RA is introduced, which is a better formalization of the intuitive idea of rightoccurrence rewriting than the RO-mode. The RO- and RA-mode have the same generating power, viz. the corresponding RCB-grammars both generate the recursively enumerable languages. Consequently, providing RCB/RO-grammars with a time bound results in a less powerful grammar model

Geological notes and local details for 1:10 000 sheet TM 35 SE (Snape) : part of 1:50 000 sheets 190 (Eye) and 208 (Woodbridge)

This report describes the geology of the 1:10 000 sheet TM 35 NE which is included in the Eye (190) and Woodbridge (208) geological maps. The area was f i r s t surveyed by W Whitaker and W H Dalton as part of the Old Series One-Inch sheet 50 SE published in 1883. The primary six-inch survey of the Snape area was made by J A Zalasiewicz in 1982-3 under the direction of D r W A Read as Programme Manager. Uncoloured dyeline copies of the map can be obtained from the British Geological Survey, Keyworth. The sheet area lies some 10 Km north-east of Woodbridge, Suffolk. Most of the ground is broadly f l a t and lies a t c 20-25 m OD. It is underlain largely by Boulder Clay and given over to arable farming. Boulder Clay is absent from the south-east of the area, where a broad outcrop of Kesgrave Sands and Gravels largely coincides with coniferous forest. The south-eastwards flowing River Alde and its tributaries have incised wide valleys in the central and northern parts of the area. Kesgrave Sands and Gravels and the underlying Chillesford Sand crop out in the valley sides, together with irregular masses of Fluvio-Glacial Sand and Gravel and Boulder Clay. The wide f l a t valley floors are underlain by freshwater and estuarine alluvium, and are given over to arable farming with some pasture. The major settlement is Snape, where The Maltings is now a well-known concert hall. There are two smaller settlements, Tunstall and Blaxhall, and a number of scattered farmsteads

Performance prediction tools for low impact building design

IT systems are emerging that may be used to support decisions relating to the design of a built enviroment that has low impact in terms of energy use and environmental emissions. This paper summarises this prospect in relation to four complementary application areas: digital cities, rational planning, virtual design and Internet energy services

Zeolite deposits of possible economic significance on the northern Alaska Peninsula

Clinoptilolite, mordenite, haulandite and laumontite have been identified in possible economic concentrations on the Alaska Peninsula. Most important are 1) a haulandite bearing water-laid tuff on Agate Island, 2) a thick sequence of terrestrial volcanics containing mordenite and clinoptilolite located between Squirrel Point and Tommy Creek, 3) water-laid tuffs containing high concentrations of clinoptilolite near Dennis Creek and 4) a haulandite bearing siltstone at Chinitna Bay. Zeolite formation in the Iliamna Lake area was produced in "open" systems of fresh water lakes and ground water systems which have transformed vitric volcanic material into zeolites. Burial diagenesis is responsible for alteration of early formed, low temperature-pressure zeolites into high temperature-pressure varieties. The formation of laumontite in a tuffaceous sandstone at Chinitna Bay was the result of low grade burial metamorphism. The mode of formation of haulandite in a welded tuff and siltstone unit, also located at Chinitna Bay, appears to have resulted from diagensis alteration of terrestrial sediments. Transportation of zeolite ore from Iliamna Lake would be by lake to Pile Bay Village then by road to Iliamna Bay and, finally, by ship to the consumer. In the Chinitna Bay area ore can be loaded directly onto ships for transportation to the consumer

Integrated building performance simulation

This paper justifies the need for an integrated approach to building performance assessment and provides examples of the technical appraisals that may then be enabled. The contention is that the use of design tools which focus on a single domain will result in sub-optimum design solutions in terms of indoor air quality, occupant comfort, energy use and environmental impact

DNA, Data and Ethics

The biophysical differences between different kinds of DNA data banks are described. The different ethical implications of DNA fingerprint data banks, data banks of known gene sequences, and data banks of total genomic sequences are considered. Ethical approaches using the concept of the common good and those based on human rights are evaluated in the context of DNA data. Additional theological considerations are discussed. In conclusion, a 'one size fits all' approach to bioethics in this area is rejected