Rethinking the State-Local Relationship: Child Welfare Services

Outlines funding concerns and joint state-county actions needed to raise cost efficiency in child welfare services: create meaningful local flexibility, identify core outcomes, address federal funding constraints, and integrate with other social services

Re-reading the Map of Middle-earth: Fan Cartography\u27s Engagement with Tolkien\u27s Legendarium

J.R.R. Tolkien provided an elaborate textual history for his writings about Middle-earth, but did not do so for his now-iconic maps. This paper examines how this difference, in concert with the general tendency of readers to treat maps as objective records of geography, has manifested in Tolkien\u27s work and fan works based upon it. An examination of fan cartography shows a strong tendency to treat the published maps as records of geographical fact rather than historical documents from within Middle-earth

Ball Is Life

Molly Danielson discusses student engagement at Linfield College with regard to her participation on the women\u27s basketball team.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/inauguration2019_students/1019/thumbnail.jp

Economic and Institutional Reforms in French-speaking West Africa Impact on Efficiency and Growth

Economic reforms, West Africa, Institutions, Privatization

When Do the Poor Benefit From Growth, and Why?

This paper summarizes and synthesizes some literature that picks up and extends the discussion of Dollar and Kraay (2000). While most of the theory has been known for a long time, the empirical material that has gradually become available in the past decade or so in the form of household budget surveys has made it possible to paint a more detailed and nuanced picture than the one usually available. Here, three major arguments are developed. First, the poverty reduction (PR) impact of a certain rate of growth depends crucially on the pattern of that growth, with rural growth usually being more efficient than urban growth, and agricultural growth more efficient than manufacturing growth. Second, poverty reduction in agriculture is much stronger in the medium run than in the short run. This is because the indirect PR effect – a multiplier effect – is typically much stronger than the direct one. Third, there is much that both governments and donors can do to improve the rate of PR, including appropriate targeting of public expenditure, increased provision of primary education to address growth-hampering income inequality, and better focus onb gender issues.poverty reduction; growth; agriculture

Can HIPC Reduce Poverty in Tanzania?

While growth has increased in Tanzania during the past five or six years, it is still too low to have a visible impact on poverty. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that the amount of both income and non-income poverty are roughly the same as they were a decade ago. Since debt relief provided under HIPC will free government resources, the initiative will potentially help reduce poverty through larger government expenditures on social sectors. However, it is unlikely that Tanzania will be able to reach the situation projected in the Decision Point document; projections are extremely optimistic, and deviations from these are likely to lead to a rapid accumulation of debt, so debt sustainability – as reflected in the debt-to-export ratio – will not be met.Tanzania; HIPC; debt; growth

Can HIPC Reduce Poverty in Tanzania?

Tanzania, HIPC, Debt, Growth