All-alkoxide sol-gel synthesis of bismuth orthovanadate for photoanode manufacture

International audienceThe sol-gel method has emerged as a versatile approach for synthesizing complex oxide materials. In this study, BiVO4 powders and coatings were elaborated using bismuth neodecanoate as the bismuth source and vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VO(OC3H7)3) as the vanadium precursor. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of a monoclinic crystalline phase, with the presence of characteristic diffraction planes in both powders and coatings. The effect of calcination temperature on particle size was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy, indicating a direct correlation between increasing temperature and particle growth. Raman and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies were employed to verify the functional groups associated with V–O and Bi–O bonds within the BiVO4 structure. The dip-coated thin films successfully deposited on FTO substrates exhibit a uniform morphology. UV–vis spectroscopy determined a bandgap energy around 2.6 eV. Linear voltammetry demonstrated encouraging initial photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance (near 0.1 mA/cm2 @ 1.23 V for a PFD of 2380 μmol/m2/s blue light) with undoped material, indicating potential for applications in sustainable energy conversion systems

L’écriture de l’histoire des théâtres lyriques parisiens entre 1847 et 1913

International audienceNineteenth-century Parisian musical life was closely followed by the press throughout Europe. A particular category of writings were the monographs in French devoted to the history of the main Parisian lyric theatres, such as the Opéra, the Opéra-Comique and the Théâtre-Italien. The aim of this article is to offer a comparative analysis of twenty of these works published between 1847 and 1913 by Solié, Castil-Blaze, Véron, de Lasalle, Thurner, Nuitter, Royer, Fouque, d’Heylli, Malherbe, Soubies, Pougin and Huret. This study examines the professional activities of these authors, their links with the theatre industry, the nature of their sources, and the choice and hierarchy of subjects. The first two parts of this article consist of a comparative presentation of the twenty works in the corpus and their authors. The third part is devoted to the internal organisation of the works and the fourth to the gradual transition from musicographer to musicologist.Au XIXe siècle, la vie musicale parisienne est attentivement suivie par la presse généraliste ou spécialisée à l’échelle européenne. Une catégorie particulière d’écrits est constituée par les monographies en français consacrées à l’histoire des principaux théâtres lyriques parisiens, tels que l’Opéra, l’Opéra-Comique, le Théâtre-Italien ou le Théâtre-Lyrique. L’objet de cet article est de proposer une analyse comparée d’une vingtaine de ces ouvrages publiés entre 1847 et 1913 par Solié, Castil-Blaze, Véron, de Lasalle, Thurner, Nuitter, Royer, Fouque, d’Heylli, Malherbe, Soubies, Pougin et Huret. Cette étude interroge les activités professionnelles de ces auteurs, leurs liens avec l’industrie théâtrale, la nature de leurs sources, le choix et la hiérarchie des sujets. Les deux premières parties de cet article consistent en une présentation comparative des vingt ouvrages du corpus et de leurs auteurs. La troisième partie est consacrée à l’organisation interne des ouvrages et la quatrième au passage progressif du musicographe au musicologue

Impact of ph1 and ph2 mutation on homoeologous recombination in wheat

International audienceDiversification of the hexaploid (bread) wheat genetic pool using wild genetic Q11 resources relies on effective meiotic recombination (crossover) between wheatchromosomes and their counterparts from related species (homoeologues).However, crossover between homoeologues is normally suppressed by two major genes, ZIP4-5B (Ph1) and MSH7-3D (Ph2). We investigated the effect of introducing zip4-5B and/or msh7-3D mutations into interspecific hybrids derived from crosses between wheat and Aegilops variabilis. Single and double mutants were exploited in Chinese Spring (CS) and Cadenza (Cad) genetic backgrounds, as well as in a CS/Cad recombinant background. Meiotic cells at metaphase I were scored for univalents, bivalents, and multivalents, from which chiasma numbers were deduced. We demonstrated a non-cumulative effect ofsimultaneous zip4-5B and msh7-3D mutations on homoeologous recombination, as homoeologous crossovers reached a maximum when ZIP4-5B alone was mutated. We also showed that hybrids carrying both the zip4-5B and msh7-3D mutations in the same genetic background exhibited a higher recombination rate compared to a double mutant in the CS/Cad recombinant background. The progression of meiosis was also monitored in the various interspecific hybrids mutants, revealing clear disruptions. Thus, our studyprovides key insights for optimizing the introgression of beneficial alleles from wild relatives into elite wheat germplasm; first by demonstrating the efficiency of ZIP4-5B and MSH7-3D mutations independently and in combination and second by elucidating the influence of the genetic background in which these mutations are present in an interspecific hybrid context

Myostatin, activin-A and follistatin are produced by the tumor in head and neck cancer and likely contribute to sarcopenia: A case-control, cross-sectional exploratory study

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photoD with Rubin's Data Preview 1: first stellar photometric distances and deficit of faint blue stars. Stellar distances with Rubin's DP1

International audienceAims: We investigate the utility of Rubin's Data Preview 1 for estimating stellar number density profile in the Milky Way halo. Methods: Stellar broad-band near-UV to near-IR $ugrizy$ photometry released in Rubin's Data Preview 1 is used to estimate distance and metallicity for blue main sequence stars brighter than $r=24$ in three $\sim$1.1. sq.~deg. fields at southern Galactic latitudes. Results: Compared to TRILEGAL simulations of the Galaxy's stellar content by (Dal Tio, 2022), we find a significant deficit of blue main sequence turn-off stars with $22 < r < 24$. We interpret this discrepancy as a signature of a much steeper halo number density profile at galactocentric distances $10-50$ kpc than the cannonical $\sim1/r^3$ profile assumed in TRILEGAL simulations. Conclusions: This interpretation is consistent with earlier suggestions based on observations of more luminous, but much less numerous, evolved stellar populations, and a few pencil beam surveys of blue main sequence stars in the northern sky. These results bode well for the future Galactic halo exploration with Rubin's Legacy Survey of Space and Time

Enseigner les Lumières depuis les Disability Studies

International audienceIn his latest book (L'Héritage des Lumières. Ambivalences de la modernité, Seuil/Gallimard, 2019), Antoine Lilti distinguishes three main phases of Enlightenment criticism. The first, ‘conservative and reactionary’, present from the eighteenth century to the present day, pits faith against reason, tradition against progress, the family against the individual. The second, born in the wake of the Second World War, was initially Marxist-inspired (Adorno and Horkheimer), then critical of humanism (Foucault), and denounces the ‘excesses of reason and the forms of political domination it implies’. The third is postcolonial criticism, which, writes Lilti, ‘attacks the ideological substratum of European domination’, namely its (alleged) universalism (pp. 37-38). We present a fourth, generally neglected, critique of the Enlightenment, which has been unfolding in the English-speaking world since the 1990s, within a slightly older field of research, disability studies - or more precisely, cultural disability studies. In a way, this critique applies the main theses of the third approach to the issue of disability: the Enlightenment freed disability from the clutches of magical or religious interpretation, all the better to ensnare it in the clutches of reason, which excludes, rectifies and re-educates. The Enlightenment thus marked the transition from the moral model to the medical model of disability, which is still dominant today and sees disability as an unfortunate alteration or deficiency to be reduced as far as possible. The Enlightenment was not only racist and colonialist, it was also ableist: it forged the norm of the individual as not only rational and perfectible, but also autonomous and productive - in short, the able individual. While it would be beyond the scope of this chapter to assess the validity of such a diagnosis, we will ask the following questions: how does this critique from disability studies shed new light on the Enlightenment? What effects can or should it have on their teaching? After outlining the main features and the internal logic of this critique in the writings of its principal representatives, we show that its first effect is to offer the study of the Enlightenment nothing less than a new subject - ‘disability’, as it was then called - or a plurality of new subjects (blindness, deafness, etc.), taken into account, particularly in France, by its greatest authors.Dans son dernier ouvrage (L’Héritage des Lumières. Ambivalences de la modernité, Seuil/Gallimard, 2019), Antoine Lilti distingue trois grands phases de la critique des Lumières. La première, « conservatrice et réactionnaire », présente du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours, oppose la foi à la raison, la tradition au progrès, la famille à l’individu. La deuxième, née dans le sillage de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, d’abord d’inspiration marxiste (Adorno et Horkheimer), puis critique à l’égard de l’humanisme (Foucault), dénonce les « excès de la raison et des formes de domination politique qu’elle implique ». La troisième est la critique postcoloniale, qui, écrit Lilti, « s’attaque au substrat idéologique de la domination européenne », à savoir son (prétendu) universalisme (p. 37-38). Nous en présentons une quatrième, généralement négligée : la critique des Lumières qui se déploie dans le monde anglo-saxon à partir des années 1990, au sein d’un champ de recherches à peine plus ancien, les disability studies – plus précisément, les cultural disability studies. Cette critique consiste, en quelque sorte, à appliquer à la question du handicap les principales thèses de la troisième : les Lumières ont arraché le handicap aux griffes de l’interprétation magique ou religieuse pour d’autant mieux l’enserrer dans celles de la raison qui exclut, redresse et rééduque. Les Lumières signeraient ainsi le passage du modèle moral au modèle médical du handicap, qui, encore dominant aujourd’hui, conçoit celui-ci comme une altération ou une déficience malheureuse, à réduire autant que faire se peut. Les Lumières ne seraient pas seulement racistes et colonialistes, elles seraient aussi « validistes » (ableist) : elles auraient forgé la norme de l’individu non seulement rationnel et perfectible, mais encore autonome et productif – en somme, de l’individu capable (able). S’il ne saurait s’agir, en l’espace d’un chapitre, d’évaluer la validité d’un tel diagnostic, nous poserons les questions suivantes : en quoi cette critique issue des disability studies produit-elle sur les Lumières un nouvel éclairage ? Quels effets peut-elle ou doit-elle avoir sur leur enseignement ? Après avoir exposé, au moyen des textes de ses principaux représentants, les traits saillants et la logique interne d’une telle critique, nous montrons que son premier effet est d’offrir à l’étude des Lumières rien de moins qu’un nouvel objet – l’« infirmité », comme on la nommait alors – ou une pluralité de nouveaux objets (la cécité, la surdité, etc.), pris en vue, en France notamment, par ses plus grands auteurs

Understanding cultural persistence and change: A replication of Giuliano and Nunn (2021)

International audienceGiuliano and Nunn (2021) provide econometric evidence that ancestral climatic variability reduces the current importance of tradition. We conduct a “deep reproduction”, comparing the precise descriptions of the individual‐level regressions in their article with the corresponding code. This analysis uncovers several major inconsistencies, also related to the code not included in their replication package. A published corrigendum addresses some inconsistencies we had also communicated to the Editor of REStud, but several remain, relating to a substantial portion of the observations. A realignment of the code with the text reveals a more nuanced relationship between ancestral climatic variability and tradition

"Enterprise Foundation in France"

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Pour un Orientalisme décentré : le Japon dans l’œuvre romanesque de Kikou Yamata

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Characterizing the magnetic signal generated in the magnetosphere from 1996 to 2024 using ground geomagnetic data

International audienceThe geomagnetic field, as observed at the Earth’s surface or LEO satellite altitudes (between 300 km and 800 km), is the combination of signals generated by various internal and external sources. The internal sources are mainly associated with the liquid outer core flow, magnetized rocks in the lithosphere and induced electric currents in the crust and mantle. External sources are electric currents flowing in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. We focus on the contributions from the magnetospheric fields and describe a modeling approach in Spherical Harmonics (SH) based on magnetic observatory vector field measurements. The aim of this study is to model the magnetospheric field contributions observed during geomagnetically quiet time up to SH degree 6, with a 1-h temporal resolution for the period covering years 1996.0–2024.8. The adopted modeling approach is based on the Kalman filter and the correlation-based technique, which leads to series of hourly snapshot models together with robust error estimates. The series of models in time compare well with the global magnetospheric Ring Current index (RC). We observed and described various magnetospheric field structures, including local time asymmetries and contributions from ring and magnetotail currents. We also examined annual, semi-annual, monthly and daily variations in magnetospheric field Gauss coefficients in the Fourier domain