Halkla İlişkilerin Önemi

Halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları için önemli olan hedef kitlelerin tutum, düşünce ve davranışlarını etkileyebilecek etkili stratejilerin belirlenmesidir. Bu kitabın amacı ise, halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının etkinliğini ve kalitesini arttırmaya etki edebilecek duygu, davranış, fikir veya tutum oluşumuna yönelik istenilen sonucu elde edebilmek için gerekli olan stratejilerin nasıl tasarlanacağının ele alınmasıdır

İSG Eğitim Metotları

İş yerlerinde, çalışanlara verilecek iş güvenliği eğitimleri ve içerikleri; mevzuat çerçevesinde verilmektedir

Ergonomi

Ergonomi insanı anatomik, antropometrik, fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik açıdan inceleyen, katlanabileceği sınırları tespit eden, sonuçta işin insana, insanın işe uyumunu araştıran, disiplinler arası bir bilim dalı olarak tanımlanmaktadır

Third International Language-for-All Conference: Book of Abstracts

The organisers of the Third International Language-for-All Conference (LFAC’24) are appreciative of the advice, assistance, and collaboration of all those who have contributed to LFAC’24. We are deeply grateful to Dr. Alessia COGO (Chief Editor of ELT Journal), Dr. Caroline Fell KURBAN (MEF University), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emmanuel KEULEERS (Tilburg University), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jonathan Maurice ROSS (Boğaziçi University), and Prof. Dr. Mehmet DEMİREZEN (Hacettepe University) for their humble acceptance to share their insights and expertise through their inspirational speeches, which illuminate the process of teaching and learning foreign languages as well as the integration of Artificial Intelligence to teaching and interpretation

English Studies: A Multifaceted Lens

The rapid transformation in education, particularly within the realms of English Language Teaching (ELT), English Literature, and Applied Linguistics, is being shaped by technological advancements and evolving pedagogical practices. In the book English Studies: A Multifaceted Lens, a collection of studies is presented that delves into various dimensions of English education, literature, and linguistics, and the impact of emerging technologies on language learning, teaching, and literary analysis. Each chapter offers unique insights into how educators, learners, and educational systems adapt to these changes, reflecting on challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Through the integration of technology, innovative teaching practices, and interdisciplinary approaches, this book showcases the dynamic nature of English studies today, covering not only language education but also the cultural, literary, and theoretical frameworks that shape our understanding of the English language

Beyond the Veil: Women’s Agency and Proto-Feminist Discourse in the Premodern World

The Medieval and Renaissance periods, characterized by their rich tapestry of cultural, social, and intellectual upheavals, serve as epochs of profound transformation in Western history. While often remembered for their towering figures in art, literature, and politics, these eras also bore witness to subtle yet significant shifts in gender dynamics, with women asserting agency in varied spheres of life. Within the framework of proto-feminism, a term retrospectively applied to movements advocating for women’s rights before the emergence of modern feminism, lies a mosaic of voices and actions challenging the patriarchal norms of the time. This article seeks to illuminate the often-overlooked contributions of women in the Medieval and Renaissance periods, exploring their struggles, writings, and societal roles as agents of change. By delving into diverse historical and literary sources, this study aims to unravel the intricate web of protofeminist attempts, shedding light on the complex interplay between gender, power, and resistance in these transformative epochs

Sultana’nın Rüyası: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü Atamasında Bir Araç Olarak Din

Sultana’s Dream, written by Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain in 1905, is a utopian novella that challenges established gender norms in a manner that effectively undermines the process of conventional gender stereotyping. Hossain’s narrative unfolds in Ladyland, a society where women assume responsibility for various aspects of life, while men are confined to purdah, secluded quarters designated for their isolation. The story, despite its brevity, explores the re-establishment of a matriarchal government, the peaceful stabilization of society, the widespread use of technology without male involvement, the celebration of intellect over physical strength, and the subversion of traditional gender roles. Although the story occasionally favours women over men, its purpose, as is proper to the function of utopianism, is to inspire readers by demonstrating the possibility of a better future. This article, therefore, aims to explore the role of religion as an apparatus of the inherent Indian culture in oppressing and isolating women, with reference to Hossain’s seminal work, Sultana’s Dream.Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain tarafından 1905 yılında kaleme alınan Sultana’nın Rüyası, yerleşik toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına meydan okuyan ve geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarını yerle bir eden ütopik bir öyküdür. Hossain’in anlatısı, çeşitli hayati sorumlulukların kadınlar tarafından üstlenildiği, erkeklerin ise kaçgöçe, yani tecrit edilmeleri için belirlenmiş gözlerden uzak bölgelere hapsedildiği bir toplum olan Ladyland’de geçer. Hikâye, kısa olmasına rağmen, kadın egemen bir hükümetin yeniden kurulmasını, toplumun barışçıl bir şekilde istikrara kavuşmasını, erkeklerin katılımı olmadan teknolojinin yaygın kullanımını, fiziksel güç yerine aklın kutsanmasını ve geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet atamalarının altüst edilmesini ele almakta, böylece kadınların dini atıflarla işlenmiş kültürleri nedeniyle doğuştan sahip oldukları ikincil konumlarının altını çizmektedir. Eser zaman zaman kadınları erkeklerden üstün tutsa da yazarın amacı daha iyi bir geleceğin mümkün olduğunu göstererek okuyuculara ilham vermektir. Dolayısıyla bu makale, Hossain’in ufuk açıcı eseri Sultana’nın Rüyası’na atıfta bulunarak, Hint kültürüne özgü bir aygıt olarak dinin kadınları baskı altına alma ve yalnızlaştırmadaki rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

Self-Destruction through Greed; "The Queen of Spades" and "Ali Baba and Forty Thieves"

Greed, a cardinal sin originating from early Christianity, is a notable recurring theme in literature and is universally prevalent throughout civilizations, literary works, and theological systems. It is widely held that people who exhibit greed defy God's command and face punishment, but those who sincerely abide by His commands receive blessings. The works The Queen of Spades by Alexandr Pushkin and The Tale of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in The Thousand and One Nights, belong to separate literary traditions. However, both stories depict antagonistic individuals who ultimately meet their own end as a result of their greedy behaviour. In these literary works, there are two different sets of characters, the rewarded and the punished. Within these literary pieces, the initial set of characters experiences significant consequences for their actions, whilst the subsequent group is duly compensated. These works demonstrate that specific topics surpass the limitations of time and culture, regardless of the differences between the eras and communities in which they originated. Accordingly, this study aims to reveal how greed turns into a way of self-destruction in these two works, which belong to completely different periods and geographies, through textual analysis.Erken dönem Hristiyanlıktan itibaren önemli bir günah olan açgözlülük, edebiyatta tekrarlanan dikkate değer bir temadır ve medeniyetler, edebi eserler ve teolojik sistemler boyunca evrensel olarak yaygınlaşmıştır. Açgözlülük sergileyen insanların Tanrı'nın emrine karşı geldiği ve cezaya çarptırıldığı, ancak O'nun emirlerine içtenlikle uyanların kutsandığı yaygın bir kanıdır. Aleksandr Puşkin'in Maça Kızı ve Binbir Gece Masalları'ndaki Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler hikâyelerinin her biri ayrı edebi geleneklere aittir. Bununla birlikte, her iki öykü de açgözlü davranışları sonucunda kendi sonlarıyla karşılaşan aykırı bireyleri tasvir etmektedir. Bu edebi eserlerde, ödüllendirilen ve cezalandırılan olmak üzere iki farklı karakter kümesi bulunmaktadır. İlk karakter grubu eylemleri için ciddi fiziksel ve ruhani sonuçlar yaşarken, diğer grup usulüne uygun olarak ödüllendirilir ya da herhangi bir cezaya maruz bırakılmaz. Bu eserler, ortaya çıktıkları dönemler ve toplumlar arasındaki farklılıklar ne olursa olsun, belirli konuların zaman ve kültür sınırlarını aştığını göstermektedir. Buna bağlı olarak bu çalışma, bambaşka dönemlere ve coğrafyalara ait olan bu iki eserde açgözlülüğün bir özyıkım yöntemine nasıl dönüştüğünü metinsel analiz yöntemiyle ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir

The Other Females: The Rise of Third World Feminism and the Enigma of Global Sisterhood

The feminist discourse faces challenges in being inclusive, as it does not adequately address the needs and experiences of women from various racial, cultural, and linguistic origins. The preceding waves of feminism mostly centred around the concerns of white middle-class women, while neglecting to acknowledge the marginalisation endured by the Third World women who were additionally exposed to colonial enforcements. Presently, women residing in the Third World face marginalisation as they confront the many obstacles resulting from both colonisation and patriarchal structures within their colonised communities. The patriarchal system facilitates the subjugation of women, exerting control over their physical and spiritual realms. Furthermore, while the colonial structure permits the exploitation of women to advance the interests of males, feminist ideologies that focus on the Eurocentric viewpoint lack recognition of the specific difficulties experienced by the women of colour, thereby underscoring the inapplicability of the global sisterhood

Female vs. Not-So-Female: The Emergence of Third World Feminism and the Disclosure of Global Sisterhood

Despite the passage of several decades since one of the most influential demonstrations of women's activism in America during the 1970s, feminist discourse continues to struggle with inclusivity, failing to adequately address the needs and experiences of women from diverse racial, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. The first and second waves of feminism demonstrate a preoccupation with the contemporary issues faced by white middle-class women. However, these movements fail to adequately address the disempowerment experienced by women of colour who were subjected to colonial discourse. Consequently, the women who are rooted in the Third World find themselves marginalized, grappling with the compounded challenges arising from both colonization and the patriarchal systems within colonized societies. The patriarchal system is responsible for facilitating the physical and spiritual subjugation of women, while the colonial structure, which serves as the basis of Third World feminism, allows for the exploitation of women to further the interests of males. Furthermore, the rights of women are susceptible to distinct manifestations of mistreatment that serve to reinforce the colonial structure and sustain systems of subjugation. The phenomenon of colonialism and the subsequent amalgamation of patriarchal structures between the colonizing power and the colonized society engender a self-perpetuating cycle that reinforces the marginalization of women across several spheres, encompassing education, politics, law, and economics. Within the framework of colonial patriarchy, regardless of ethnic distinctions, women are obligated to adhere to the prescribed norms and structures of the prevailing system. Hence, feminist schools of thought that are geared towards the Western or Eurocentric perspective exhibit a notable absence of acknowledgment towards the challenges faced by women of colour both residing in developing/underdeveloped nations and living in first/second world countries. As such, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors that contributed to the inevitability of a third wave of feminism. It highlights the exclusionary nature of the global sisterhood purportedly established by Western feminists, particularly in relation to women of colour rooted in Third World nations