Ganymede’s tenuous atmosphere

Ganymede possesses a tenuous water-based atmosphere, thought to be produced by the solar and Jovian plasma irradiation of its icy surface. Observational evidence for Ganymede's atmosphere is provided by far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission from the atomic oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) constituents. The relative strengths of the two observed FUV atomic oxygen emission multiplets, which are produced by electron-impact on the atmosphere, allow inference of molecular O2 and H2O components and their relative abundances. Minor species besides O and H have not been detected and the observational constraints can be considered loose overall, partly due to the inherent ambiguity and difficulty in relating the electron-excited emissions to atmospheric properties. Much of our understanding of the configuration of Ganymede’s atmosphere is based on modelling efforts. The modelling studies suggest that O2 is produced primarily through radiolysis and sputtering by the plasma precipitation in the icy polar regions. Since it does not condense, O2 is yet abundant everywhere and likely the dominant species over most of the surface. Ice sublimation increases the abundance of H2O near the sub-solar point, locally exceeding the O2 abundance. The high altitudes, in contrast, are expected to be primarily populated by the lighter H2 molecules everywhere. Inferred column densities for the primary molecules, O2 and H2O, are on the order of 1014 cm-2 to 1015 cm-2. In addition, models suggest that the atmosphere is collisional only up to a few tens of kilometers above the surface, particular in the dense sub-solar region.QC 20220125</p

School Nurses' Perceptions and Experiences of Delivering a School-Based Intervention to Improve Primary Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Among Adolescents - A Focus Group Study Following a Randomized Controlled Trial

The present qualitative study is a part of the process evaluation of a complex intervention, the randomized controlled trial, "Prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a school-based setting." We aimed to explore participating school nurses' perceptions and experiences of delivering the educational HPV intervention to adolescents aged 16. Focus group interviews were conducted with school nurses (n = 20) and analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis. The overall theme Easily adapted into the existing role as a school nurse permeated the participants' views. The nurses were in favor of delivering an intervention that increased the HPV vaccination rates and improved beliefs and awareness about HPV prevention. It suits their work and health-promoting aspect of their role well and can easily be adapted into the current school health consultant curriculum. Having material in different languages to share with adolescents and their parents to promote equal health was deemed important

Irrelevant changing-state vibrotactile stimuli disrupt verbal serial recall: implications for theories of interference in short-term memory

What causes interference in short-term memory? We report the novel finding that immediate memory for visually-presented verbal items is sensitive to disruption from task-irrelevant vibrotactile stimuli. Specifically, short-term memory for a visual sequence is disrupted by a concurrently presented sequence of vibrations, but only when the vibrotactile sequence entails change (when the sequence “jumps” between the two hands). The impact on visual-verbal serial recall was similar in magnitude to that for auditory stimuli (Experiment 1). Performance of the missing item task, requiring recall of item-identity rather than item-order, was unaffected by changing-state vibrotactile stimuli (Experiment 2), as with changing-state auditory stimuli. Moreover, the predictability of the changing-state sequence did not modulate the magnitude of the effect, arguing against an attention-capture conceptualisation (Experiment 3). Results support the view that interference in short-term memory is produced by conflict between incompatible, amodal serial-ordering processes (interference-by-process) rather than interference between similar representational codes (interference-by-content).Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-03-26 (joosat);Funder: Bial Foundation (201/20); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (2020–05626); Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (2211-0505)Licens fulltext: CC BY License</p

Managing start-up – incumbent digital solution co-creation: a four-phase process for intermediation in innovative contexts

As incumbents strive to collaborate with start-ups in the pursuit of cutting-edge digital solutions, the complexities posed by disparate partners and their innovative endeavours often lead to intricate tensions. Our research underscores the critical role of innovation intermediaries in enabling a successful digital co-creation, yet a deeper understanding of this novel and evolving context is required. Through a comprehensive study of two innovation intermediaries, five incumbent companies, and eleven start-ups, we shed light on how intermediaries can effectively mitigate the hard-to-manage tensions that emerge. Our analysis uncovers three primary tensions: incompatible digital co-creation cultures, divergent digital innovation operations, and misaligned technical capabilities. We further propose a four-phase process for innovation intermediation, including the establishment of digital co-creation foundations, catalysing digital innovation projects, orchestrating the co-creation process, and scaling the resulting outcomes.Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-05-22 (joosat);Full text: CC BY License</p

Ideals, governance and competencies : The complexity of implementing digitalisation in disability organisations

Background: Living in the digital era, young adults with intellectual disabilities use diverse digital products, the Internet, and social media in their daily lives. However, they may need support in digital undertakings as in other aspects of life. In a disability service context, staff are primary support providers but are restricted and guided by organisational goals and strategies. Previous research has shown that staff have dual roles as support providers and executors of organisational ambitions. This study analyses the motivations and prerequisites, as well as the obstacles to the implementation of digitalisation at a strategic level of disability services. Method: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with public officials and municipal politicians responsible for providing disability services. A thematic analysis was performed using a constructionist perspective. Findings: Three themes were identified: Intertwined ideals of digital infrastructures in disability contexts, culture of vertical governance, and developing competencies. These themes can be seen as pillars of the digitalisation of digital services at the organisation's strategic level. In addition to shedding light on specific issues, these themes reveal underlying issues relating to conceptions of support practices and organisational culture. Conclusion: Digitalisation is motivated by a desire to preserve the organisation's legitimacy and be a relevant service provider. Digital infrastructure is required for digitalisation but is lacking because of intertwined legal and moral issues. Digitalisation also appears to be hindered by organisational structures and organisational culture, whose impact greatly outweighs that of digital issues

'The forest is my church' : Christianity, secularisation and love of nature in a northern European existential field

This article employs ethnographic material from Sweden and Estonia to examine the relationship between religion and the love of nature in Northern Europe - a region known for its widespread secularisation. We propose that the existential depth that is often ascribed to nature experiences in this part of the world points to a facet of the secularisation process, indicating that love of nature among today's Northern Europeans is deeply entangled with the processes of modernisation. The article provides a historical analysis of how this phenomenon arose and explores ways of approaching it that move beyond the religious-secular dichotomy. It concludes by construing love of nature as belonging to an 'existential field' in the Northern European cultural landscape.This work was supported by the Baltic Sea Foundation's grant, ‘Relocation of Transcendence: the Sacred of the Seculars around the Baltic Sea’; the Estonian Research Council grant, ‘Estonian Environmentalism in the 20th Century: Ideology, Discourses, Practices’ (PRG 908), Templeton Foundation grant ‘Understanding Unbelief in Estonia’, and the EEA Financial Mechanism Baltic Research Programme in Estonia (EMP340).</p

Citizen-centricity in digital government research : a literature review and integrative framework

Citizen-centricity is a common concept in digital government research and policy. However, there is little clarity regarding the concept in previous literature. To address this shortcoming, and build theoretical foundations for addressing both citizen-centricity and associated phenomena, we have examined how citizen-centricity is characterized in digital government research. This study is based on literature review of 66 journal articles. A combination of narrative analysis and ideal-type methodology identified themes concerning four modes of government, designated traditionalist, service-dominant, participatory, and transformative. Further analysis of associated types and research streams provides an overview of the theoretical understandings of citizen-centricity and methodological approaches applied to explore it in the literature. The findings contribute to contemporary theory on citizens in digital government by outlining an integrative framework of citizen-centricity. The paper concludes with proposals for further research, including efforts to enhance conceptual clarity and develop more dynamic theories

Detection of children at risk of maltreatment : longitudinal understanding of teachers’ concern for children’s home situation in Sweden

Teachers in preschools and schools have a central role in detecting children at risk of maltreatment. The aim of this study was to provide a longitudinal understanding of teachers’ temporary and prolonged concerns for children's home situations (CCHS), from preschool (age 3–5 years) to year 1–3 of elementary school (age 8–10 years). Teacher- and parent reports from an ongoing prospective longitudinal study was used (baseline n = 2,113; 5-year follow-up n = 1,829). The study applied the bio-ecological systems framework by assessing how teachers’ CCHS were associated with person-, process-, and context-related factors. Both temporary and prolonged CCHS were primarily associated with teachers’ concern for different aspects of the children’s development, poor contact with parents and low parental SES, while school-related factors were less prominent. The longitudinal pattern indicates three risk levels and highlights the importance of the contact between teachers and parents in understanding when CCHS arises, ceases, or persists over time.

Towards In-Line Measurements of Sawn Wood Surfaces

Metrology and characterisation of products&amp;apos; functional surfaces are of key importance in smart and sustainable manufacturing. By proper measures of resulting topography and dimension at the micro-cm level, higher process control can be achieved, leading to more efficient production with products closer to defined targets. Commercial surface metrology systems for lab- and in/on-line applications have increased in the last decades, but the wood sector has not yet benefited from this development. A better understanding of sawn wood topography combined with smart online metrology systems is expected to lead to a substantial reduction of waste in sawmill production, both by transforming waste pieces and sideboards into engineered wood products and by optimising the sawing process (e.g. by using thinner saw blades and reduced tolerances). It would also open new design possibilities and challenge the construction sector to replace today’s materials with renewable raw materials. Additionally, sawmills will be less dependent on incoming timber dimensions. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of sawn wood topography and how relevant surface features can be detected and analysed to enable the next generation of functional wood surfaces for various applications. By identifying the measuring instrument’s capability to capture surface topographical features of sawn wood, this paper discusses the requirements for efficient measurement techniques. It opens for future implementation of machine learning algorithms to in-line monitor and control the machining process. All tested metrology techniques showed promising results. To capture machining marks, the instrumentation needs to have lateral resolutions on the um level and a measurement area covering some cm; thus, the laser scanning system seemed to be a good compromise.Full text license: CC BY-NC 4.0;ISBN for host publication: 978-1-64368-511-3;</p

Treating perfectionism via the Internet : A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy to unified protocol

Perfectionism can be problematic when your self-worth is dependent on achievements and leads to inflexible standards, cognitive biases, and rigid behaviors. Cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism is shown to be effective, including for targeting psychiatric symptoms and when delivered via the Internet (iCBT-P). However, few studies have compared it to an active comparator. The current study randomly assigned 138 participants seeking help for perfectionism to iCBT-P or Internet-based Unified Protocol (iUP). Both treatments provided guidance on demand from a therapist and were eight weeks in duration. The results indicated large within-group effects of Cohen's d 2.03 (iCBT) and 2.51 (iUP) on the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire at post-treatment, and maintained effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up, but no between-group difference (β = 0.02, SE = 1.04, p = .98). Secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, quality of life, self-compassion, procrastination, and stress ranged from small to large, with no differences between the conditions. Both treatments were deemed credible, relevant, of high quality, and well-adhered by the participants. Further research needs to be conducted, but the findings could indicate a lack of specificity, perhaps suggesting there is no need to differentiate between different treatments that are transdiagnostic in nature