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    Cancer du pancréas en 2025 : prise en charge multidisciplinaire

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    Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, characterized by a median survival of 6 to 8 months and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 15%. In Switzerland, around 1,700 new cases and 1,400 deaths are reported each year. Late diagnosis- largely due to the absence of specific symptoms and validated biomarkers-limits the availability of curative treatment options. This article summarizes recent advances in the multidisciplinary management of PC, detailing the diagnostic workup and therapeutic approaches: imaging, endoscopic techniques, pathology, minimally invasive surgery, ablative radiotherapy, and standard or molecularly guided systemic therapies. Despite notable progress and promising prospects, PC remains a significant challenge in oncology.Le cancer du pancréas (CP) est une maladie agressive avec un pronostic sombre, marqué par une survie médiane de 6 à 8 mois et un taux de survie à 5 ans de 15 %. En Suisse, 1700 nouveaux cas et 1400 décès sont enregistrés chaque année. Le diagnostic tardif, dû à l’absence de symptômes spécifiques et de biomarqueurs validés, limite les options curatives. Cet article résume les avancées récentes dans la prise en charge multidisciplinaire du CP, en détaillant la démarche diagnostique et les approches thérapeutiques : techniques d’imagerie, d’endoscopie, de pathologie et de chirurgie minimalement invasive, radiothérapie ablative et traitements systémiques standards ou guidés par le profilage moléculaire. Malgré des progrès notables avec des perspectives prometteuses, le CP reste un défi majeur en oncologie

    Échec et mat pour les bactéries pathogènes

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    Fin de partie pour les bactéries pathogènes résistant aux antibiotiques. Une étude, publiée en septembre 2023 dans la revue scientifique Cell, présente la découverte d’un nouvel antibiotique, la clovibactine, se distinguant des autres antibiotiques par son mécanisme d’action. Cette molécule cible un composant immuable et essentiel pour la bactérie, engendrant alors la mort de celle-ci.</p

    L’illusion d’une causalité interrompue : les ordres bancaires frauduleux et la faute du client

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    Lors de l’exécution d’ordres bancaires frauduleux, le tribunal doit appliquer une méthode en trois étapes afin de déterminer qui, de la banque ou du client, doit en supporter les conséquences. Contrairement à une jurisprudence discutable, la faute du client ne doit être examinée qu’à la troisième étape, laquelle permet d’atteindre un résultat plus équilibré et plus équitable (art. 4 CC). En outre, dans la très grande majorité des situations, l’absence de contestation à temps d’un ordre frauduleux n’interrompt pas la causalité entre la faute de la banque et le dommage découlant de l’ordre frauduleux. D’autres éventuelles fautes du client, par exemple être victime d’une escroquerie au président ou d’un piratage de sa boîte électronique, ne sauraient non plus en principe interrompre la causalité. Ces dernières hypothèses pourraient néanmoins entraîner une responsabilité du client (3e étape)

    Event-, time- and activity-based prospective memory in children with higher autistic traits

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    Background: School-age children rely on prospective memory (PM) to complete various tasks in the future. Previous research suggests children with autism spectrum disorders exhibit PM impairment, but whether PM impairment extends to children with higher autistic traits remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to compare PM performance in children with higher and lower autistic traits and to examine potentially differential associations to executive functions. Method: Forty pairs of children with higher and lower autistic traits between age 6- to 12-years old completed event-, time-, and activity-based PM tasks, and two executive function tasks (i.e., inhibition and working memory). We also collected parents-rated PM abilities using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire for Children. Results: The two groups showed similar performance in both executive function tasks, the 3 PM tasks and parents-reported PM in daily life. In children with lower autistic traits, performance of the time-based PM task was correlated with working memory whereas it was correlated with inhibition function in children with higher autistic traits. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits exhibited a continuous reduction of time monitoring behavior across trials, leading to worse performance in the last PM trial compared with children with lower autistic traits. Conclusion: Children with higher autistic traits showed intact executive functioning and similar PM performance as children with lower autistic traits, but they relied on different types of executive functions to complete time-based PM tasks. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits showed reduced time monitoring behavior and unstable PM performance across time.</p

    Synthesis and Properties of Cationic and Neutral Radical Diaza[4]helicenes

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    This PhD describes the synthesis and characterization of various functionalized cationic diaza[4]helicenes based on dimethoxyquinacridine (DMQA) scaffolds. Based on organometallic catalysis, late-stage functionalization strategies are developed and applied to introduce a diversity of functional groups. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction of chirality in organic molecules and their interaction with circularly polarized light; generalities on helical dyes are also presented. In Chapter 2, a pH-sensitive helicene is functionalized via C-H insertions of electrophilic metal carbenes (Ru or Rh). Up to four malonate moieties are introduced and, through the study of the electronic and chiroptical properties of these malonate-functionalized helicenes, the stereoelectronic influence of the added moieties is elucidated. In Chapter 3, the core transformation of this manuscript is described. Thanks to Ir-catalyzed direct C-H borylation of DMQA, regioselective functionalization of the three positions in para to the formal positive charge is obtained for the first time. In this chapter, Ir-catalysis is coupled, in tandem, with Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactivity to give a series of tris(arene) derivatives. Furthermore, in Chapter 4, after Ir-catalysis, PdII-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation and hydroxylation reactions are performed. Thanks to these two transformations, functional groups with strong ED or EW character are introduced in para positions. An extensive tuning of the optical and electronic properties of the helical core is observed with para-EDGs and EWGs, with absorption and emission spectra covering a range of ≈ 300 nm. Derivatives with EDGs have blue-shifted optical properties with high fluorescence quantum yields up to 70%. On the contrary, derivatives with EWGs have red-shifted absorption and emission and are poor fluorophores. However, they present interesting electronic properties, mainly due to their facile first one-electron reduction that makes them good candidates for the production of neutral radical helicenes. The formation of neutral persistent radicals, via electrochemical or chemical (CoCp2) mono electron reductions, is described in Chapter 5. The reversibility of this redox process, the chiroptical properties of the obtained radicals, their EPR signatures, spin density delocalization and half-life values under air are described. Finally, in Chapter 6, a family of strongly fluorescent para-OMe derivatives, based on helical scaffolds bearing primary or secondary N-alkyl chains, is presented. These compounds are employed in two-photon excitation studies, showing good values of cross section at 810 nm. Additionally, two-photon excitation circularly polarized emission spectra are reported. Further reactions are briefly described in the conclusions to give a prospective on future projects.</p

    Kategorien und Konzepte der Kulturlinguistik

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    La taxation fiscale comme titre de mainlevée définitive

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    Gynécologie-obstétrique. Prise en charge et dépistage du diabète gestationnel : ce qui a changé en 2023

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    Dû à l’augmentation du surpoids, de l’obésité et de l’âge maternel chez les femmes enceintes, le diabète gestationnel (DG) est de plus en plus fréquent. De ce fait, afin d’offrir une prise en charge hygiénodiététique précoce, il est recommandé d’effectuer un dépistage ciblé au premier trimestre de la grossesse pour identifier les facteurs de risque. En leur absence, le dépistage du DG doit être réalisé chez toutes les femmes enceintes entre 24 et 28 SA. Au cours de la grossesse, le traitement pharmacologique le plus sécuritaire reste l’insuline et le terme d’accouchement doit tenir compte des facteurs de risque surajoutés, des besoins en insuline, de la cinétique de croissance foetale et de l’équilibre du DG. À plus long terme, le DG doit être considéré comme une alerte métabolique et cardiovasculaire

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