Strengthening Institutions, Functions And Authority The Indonesian National Commission On Human Rights In Implementing The Protection And Enforcement Of Human Rights In Indonesia

One of the requirements of state law is the recognition and guarantee of the protection and enforcement of human rights, this guarantee should be included in the constitution in force in a country. To guarantee the implementation of human rights protection and enforcement is then required institutions of human rights protection and enforcement of an effective and independent in exercising its functions and powers guaranteed by the constitution. Powerlessness The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights in resolving cases of human rights violations to the fullest is inseparable from the question of institutional models that still contains a number of weaknesses. As the issue is still weak independence, functions and authority, inadequate budgets, yet the strong position of the Commission in the state system of Indonesia and the number of members who are not in accordance with the mandate of the law. These issues make the Commission has not so strong when faced with the challenges and complexities of the issues of human rights in Indonesia today. Human Rights on the Second Amendment was included in a separate chapter, Section XA on Human Rights, which includes as many as 10 (ten) articles from Article 28 to Article 28j set out in the 1945 Constitution. However, it should be noted that in Chapter XA on Human Rights on the 1945 changes is no list of institutional/ enforcement institutions Human Rights or The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights in it, whereas the habit of setting “chapter” in the 1945 Constitution will bear State institutions that govern them. Whereas in some other countries, especially in the Asia Pacific region, where their human rights commission has been set up by a special law, even in Thailand and South Africa is set directly in the constitution. Keywords: Strengthening Institutions, Functions and Authority, The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights

Reservoir Heterogeneity: Should It Be Modelled as Conformance or Dispersion?

Imperial Users onl

Chaotic Behaviour in Some Discrete –Time Adaptive Control Systems

It has been shown that nonlinear discrete maps can display extremely rich behaviour and under certain parameter conditions to show chaotic phenomenon. This work looks at adaptive control feedback systems which can be represented as nonlinear discrete maps and shows how model mismatch can lead to undesired complicated and chaotic behaviour. Moreover that a discrete-time adaptive control system which can display chaotic behaviour can be extended into higher order systems and the results show that under certain parameter conditions, the higher order systems also behave chaotically. A generalised equation form for the eigenvalues is also given

Total parenteral nutrition and carnitine supplementation practices in preterm neonates - results of a national survey

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityBackground: The goal of postnatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in premature neonates (PT) is to mimic the intrauterine environment of the fetus. Micronutrients are essential for optimal development. Although carnitine is present in human breast milk and is supplemented in infant formula, very preterm infants primarily receive parenteral nutrition, often devoid of carnitine, shortly after birth. Carnitine plays a critical role in cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. Preterm infants are deficient in carnitine as it is transferred from the placenta to the fetus during late pregnancy. Previously, our group surveyed US neonatologists in 2001 regarding carnitine supplementation practices and found that the majority were not fully familiar with the implications of carnitine deficiency and only 28% of preterm neonates on TPN were receiving carnitine. Since this study, recent research has emphasized the impact of carnitine on early weight gain and its neuroprotective effects. Objective: To determine current TPN carnitine supplementation practices in fasting preterm neonates (< 32 wks and < 1,500g) by conducting a national survey of board- certified neonatologists. [TRUNCATED

Sistem penilaian kemahiran kejuruteraan awam anjuran Majlis Latihan Vokasional Kebangsaan

Tujuan kajian ini dibuat adalah untuk mengetahui punca-punca kegagalan pelatih-pelatih dalam menghadapi Peperiksaan Kemahiran Malaysia bagi kursus Kejuruteraan A warn yang dikendalikan oleh Majlis Latihan Vokasional Kebangsaan (MLVK). Pelatih-pelatih ini telah mengikuti latihan kemahiran selama lebih kurang dua tahun di mana sebahagian daripada mereka adalah terdiri daripada guru-guru iepasan Maktab Perguruan Teknik yang telah mempunyai banyak pengalaman dan kemahiran tetapi turut gagal apabila menduduki peperiksaan kemahiran tersebut khasnya pada Tahap Pertengahan dan Tinggi. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui kaedah soal selidek dan temubual terhadap responden yang terdiri daripada pengajarpengajar di mstitusi-institusi kemahiran. Hasil daripada kajian ini akan dapat memberitahu pihak-pihak yang berkenaan mengenai punca-punca sebenar mengapa terjadinya kegagalan pelatih dalam sistem penilaian secara peperiksaan. Seterusnya, seteiah mengenalpasti segala kelebihan dan kelemahan di antara kaedah penilaian secara peperiksaan dan pentauliahan adalah diharapkan kajian ini akan menjadi garis panduan kepada institusi-institusi kemahiran untuk memilih sama ada untuk menggunakan sistem penilaian secara peperiksaan ataupun pentauliahan yang mana sistem pentauliahan ini telah diperkenalkan pada tahun 1993. Dengan ini adalah diharapkan peratus kelulusan bagi kursus-kusus kemahiran dalam bidang Kejuruteraan Awam dapat ditingkatkan lagi pada masa akan datang tanpa menjejaskan kualiti latihan kemahiran yang sedia ada

Revitalising the Planning Commission

This paper considers the key problems confronting the Pakistan Planning Commission, briefly examines the essentials of planning for a mixed economy, draws lessons from the experience of countries, both developed and developing, that have formulated and implemented successful plans, and suggests measures to revitalize the Planning Commission. Some suggestions are put forward for continuous upgrading of the institution’s skills in the longer run. The paper also describes ways in which policymakers can learn from their counterparts in successful countries in the region