Modeling and Analysis of a Fractional Visceral Leishmaniosis with Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives

Visceral leishmaniosis is one recent example of a global illness that demands our best efforts at understanding. Thus, mathematical modeling may be utilized to learn more about and make better epidemic forecasts. By taking into account the Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives, a frictional model of visceral leishmaniosis was mathematically examined based on real data from Gedaref State, Sudan. The stability analysis for Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives is analyzed. The suggested ordinary and fractional differential mathematical models are then simulated numerically. Using the Adams-Bashforth method, numerical simulations are conducted. The results demonstrate that the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative yields more precise solutions for fractional differential equations

البلاغة منهجاً وتعليماً وتعلماً من وجهة نظر طلاب كلية اللغات والإدارة

يَدْرُسُ هذا البحث مادّة البلاغة منهجاً، وتعليماً، وتعلّماً في كليّة اللُّغات والإدارة التابعة للجامعة الإسلاميّة العالميّة في ماليزيا، من خلال المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ الميدانيّ، وقد تمَّ تصميم استبيان، ومن ثمَّ وُزِّع على أفراد العينة البالغ عددها 33 مفحوصًا. وبعد التحليل تمَّ التوصل إلى نتائج منها: يجد أفراد العينة صعوبة في الانتقال من الحقيقة إلى المجاز مباشرة، وذلك لخلو المنهج من مادة عن الآداب العربيّة، أفراد العينة غير مدركين لوجود أبواب بلاغيّة يدرسونها، ولا وجود لها في القرآن الكريم، والحديث النبوي، ضرورة الاعتماد على القرآن الكريم والحديث النبوي عند استخلاص الأمثلة البلاغية، والبعد قدر الإمكان عن الشعر، أفراد العينة لا يحبون المشاركة داخل الفصل. وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة الربط بين الكنايات والمجازات الموجودة في لُغة الدارس الأم، والعربيّة. ----- This research studies the subject of rhetoric, from curriculum, teaching and learning aspects, at the Faculty of Languages and Management of the International Islamic University Malaysia, through the analytical descriptive method, a questionnaire was designed and then distributed to a sample of 33 students. After analysis, the following results were obtained: The sample finds it difficult to move directly from reality to metaphor, this is because the curriculum does not contain Arabic literature, members of the sample are not aware of the existence of rhetorical chapters for them to study, and it is not existent in the Holy Quran, and the prophetic traditions, the need to rely on the Holy Quran and Hadith when drawing rhetorical examples, and to stay as much as possible from poetry, members of the sample does not like to participate in the classroom. The research has recommended the need to link the metonymy and allegory in the student’s mother tongue with Arabic language

Hydrogeochemical Mechanism Associated with Land Use Land Cover Indices Using Geospatial, Remote Sensing Techniques, and Health Risks Model

Land is a vital component of nature around the world and is essential for humans, terrestrial plants, and animals. However, urbanization is growing worldwide and the groundwater quality in urban areas is declining due to rapid development, industrialization, and pollution. Hence, it is important to determine the hydrogeochemistry and changes concerning land use and land cover (LULC). This study was conducted to investigate the hydrogeochemical mechanism of Sargodha, one of Pakistan’s fastest-growing cities, during 2015 and 2021 under two different LULC indices named normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Forty-eight groundwater samples were collected in 2015 and 2021 to assess groundwater quality for domestic use and irrigation. The Piper diagram revealed that (Ca2++Mg2+–HCO3−+CO32−) and (Na++K+–SO42−+Cl−) were the main components of hydrogeochemistry in both years. The Gibbs plot and silicate weathering of groundwater samples indicated that rock dominance and silicate weathering played a major role in aquifers. Additionally, the results showed that 4% of the groundwater in 2015 and 21% of the groundwater samples in 2021 were unfit for human consumption. However, 37% and 40% of samples were considered not fit for irrigation in 2015 and 2021, respectively. The LULC, NDVI, and NDBI clearly revealed higher urban areas in 2021 compared to 2015. The relationship between groundwater parameters and land use land cover indices (NDVI and NDBI) explained that none had a major relationship. The non-carcinogenic risk showed health quotient HQ 3−) exposure in the city. The current study suggests conducting future investigations considering a larger scale to recommend efficient management strategies, urbanization planning, and ensuring safe irrigation and drinking water to prevent groundwater pollution

Hydrogeochemical Mechanism Associated with Land Use Land Cover Indices Using Geospatial, Remote Sensing Techniques, and Health Risks Model

Land is a vital component of nature around the world and is essential for humans, terrestrial plants, and animals. However, urbanization is growing worldwide and the groundwater quality in urban areas is declining due to rapid development, industrialization, and pollution. Hence, it is important to determine the hydrogeochemistry and changes concerning land use and land cover (LULC). This study was conducted to investigate the hydrogeochemical mechanism of Sargodha, one of Pakistan’s fastest-growing cities, during 2015 and 2021 under two different LULC indices named normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Forty-eight groundwater samples were collected in 2015 and 2021 to assess groundwater quality for domestic use and irrigation. The Piper diagram revealed that (Ca2++Mg2+–HCO3−+CO32−) and (Na++K+–SO42−+Cl−) were the main components of hydrogeochemistry in both years. The Gibbs plot and silicate weathering of groundwater samples indicated that rock dominance and silicate weathering played a major role in aquifers. Additionally, the results showed that 4% of the groundwater in 2015 and 21% of the groundwater samples in 2021 were unfit for human consumption. However, 37% and 40% of samples were considered not fit for irrigation in 2015 and 2021, respectively. The LULC, NDVI, and NDBI clearly revealed higher urban areas in 2021 compared to 2015. The relationship between groundwater parameters and land use land cover indices (NDVI and NDBI) explained that none had a major relationship. The non-carcinogenic risk showed health quotient HQ < 1, indicating no severe health risk due to nitrate (NO3−) exposure in the city. The current study suggests conducting future investigations considering a larger scale to recommend efficient management strategies, urbanization planning, and ensuring safe irrigation and drinking water to prevent groundwater pollution

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease

Publisher Correction: Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort (Nature, (2020), 583, 7814, (90-95), 10.1038/s41586-020-2265-1)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once per day by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatment groups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment and were twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants and local study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to the outcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) were eligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was 65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomly allocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall, 561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median 10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, no significant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24). Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restricted to patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication. Funding UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research