An analysis of the quality and operational efficiency of the Crest Clean franchise

In the commercial cleaning business, quality and hygiene of the workplace plays a very significant role. This research aims to analyse the existing operational process and cleaning quality of the cleaning services delivered at Centre Place, Hamilton from Crest Clean Limited. The drawbacks in the quality of the cleaning process are projected in this research. The areas of operation that can be improved are identified by reviewing the process. The research also helps to understand and identify inefficiencies in the cleaning operations of Crest Clean. To eliminate drawbacks, key recommendations and possible solutions are presented through proportionate ways and research questions. The research objective states the operational efficiency of the Health & Safety measures, cleaning activities and quality of the cleaning through constant customer feedback in Centre Place and in the management of quality issues based on the quality expectations of the client. The research discovers the issues in the cleaning liquids used for cleaning, and drawbacks in operational efficiency. The entire cleaning tasks involved in Centre Place are disclosed in this report which includes the whole process till leaving the office doors of Centre Place. A qualitative research methodology is used for this research and the approach was through an interview with the Centre Place food court manager, Crest Clean Franchise owner and workers, six months feedback log, and practical hands-on experience for one year of cleaning work at Centre Place food court with Crest Clean

Right orthogonal class of pure projective modules over pure hereditary rings

Let $\mathcal{W}$ be the class of all pure projective modules. In this article, $\mathcal{W}$-injective modules is defined via the vanishing of cohomology of pure projective modules. First we show that every module has a $\mathcal{W}$-injective coresolution over an arbitrary ring and the class of all $\mathcal{W}$-injective modules is coresolving over a pure-hereditary ring. Further, we analyze the dimension of $\mathcal{W}$-injective coresolution over a pure-hereditary ring. It is shown that \Fcor_{\mathcal{W}^{\bot}}(R) = \sup\{\pd(G) \colon G is a pure projective $R$-module\} = \sup\{\cores_{\mathcal{W}^{\bot}}(M) \colon M is an $R$-module$\}.$ Finally, we give some equivalent conditions of $\mathcal{W}$-injective envelope with the unique mapping property. The dimension has desirable properties when the ring is semisimple artinian.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

The political economy of convergence: The case of IFRS for SMEs.

This paper examines the processes used by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), in achieving widespread convergence to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by developing economies. Global convergence of financial reporting standards is a politically motivated agenda. The movement towards standardisation of financial reporting has been described in various ways including, adoption, application, transitioning, implementation (Brown and Tarca 2012), harmonization (Strouhal 2012) and convergence (Stevenson 2012; Street 2012; Pawsey, Brown and Chatterjee 2013). In this paper the term convergence encapsulates the efforts by developing countries to revise their national standards to be the same as IFRSs. The IFRS for Small and Medium sized Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) was partly to facilitate developing economies’ commitment to convergence (UNCTAD 2009). Introducing a two-tier system implied by a special IFRS for SMEs is the first synthesis of the international convergence process (Rodrigues and Craig 2007). Given that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly important in the global economy, it is equally important that there is a clear set of principles underpinning financial reporting for these entities. However, there is limited discussion on the development of the IFRS for SMEs in the academic literature. Only very recently have academics from developing countries engaged in discussions on IFRS for SME adoption (Phang and Mahzan 2013). Therefore, this paper provides an understanding of the activities that led to the promulgation of the standard and the efforts of the World Bank, the United Nations and other international organisations to bring this issue onto IASB’s agenda since early 2000. This paper is timely as the IASB has commenced its comprehensive review of the IFRS for SMEs (IASB 2012)

Decasticization, Dignity, and ‘Dirty Work’ at the Intersections of Caste, Memory, and Disaster

In this qualitative study we examine the role of caste, class, and Dalit janitorial labor in the aftermath of floods in Chennai, India, in 2015. Drawing from a variety of sources including interviews, social media, and news coverage, we studied how Dalit (formerly known as ‘untouchable’) janitors were treated during the performance of janitorial labor for cleaning the city. Our study focuses on two theoretical premises: (a) caste-based social relations reproduce inequalities by devaluing Dalit labor as ‘dirty work’; and (b) Dalit subjectivities, labor, and sufferings including occupational hazards become invisible and ungrievable forcing Dalits to provide a counter narrative to preserve the memory of their trauma and dignity injuries. We find that the discursive construction of janitorial labor as dirty work forced Dalit janitors to work in appalling and unsafe working conditions. Janitors suffered several dignity injuries in terms of social exclusion and a lack of recognition for their efforts and accomplishments. Specifically, we examine various ways through which caste, dirty work, and dignity intersected in the narrative accounts of Dalit janitors. We also explore memory and how processes of remembering and forgetting affected the dignity claims of Dalit janitors

The Roles of Membrane Rafts in CD32A-Mediated Phagocytosis

Membrane rafts are highly dynamic heterogeneous sterol- and sphingolipid-rich micro-domains on cell surfaces. They are generally believed to provide residency for cell surface molecules (e.g., adhesion and signaling molecules) and scaffolding to facilitate the functions of these molecules such as membrane trafficking, receptor transport, cell signaling, and endocytosis.
The governing, or overall hypothesis, for this project is that membrane rafts provide residency for Fc[gamma]RIIA (CD32A) on K562 cells, and that by doing so they provide a platform from which Fc[gamma]RIIA initiate or carry out their functions, which include migration, signaling, phagocytic synapse formation, and internalization of IgG opsonized targets.
Using immuno-fluorescent laser scanning confocal microscopy and reflection interference microscopy (RIM), we studied the spatial and temporal distributions of membrane rafts and surface receptors, signaling molecules, and cell organelles during the formation of phagocytic contact areas. K562 cells, which naturally express CD32A, a cell surface receptor for the Fc portion of Immuno-globulin G(IgG), was chosen as a model for neutrophils. An opsonized target was modeled using a glass supported lipid bilayer reconstituted with IgG. CD32A was found to cluster and co-localize with membrane rafts. Placing the K562 cells on the lipid bilayer triggered a process of contact area formation that includes binding between receptors and ligands, their recruitment to the contact area, a concurrent membrane raft movement to and concentration in the contact area, and transport of CD32A, IgG, and membrane rafts to the Golgi complex. Characterization of these processes was performed using agents known to disrupt detergent resistant membranes (DRMs), dissolve actin microfilaments, and inhibit myosin motor activity, which abolished the CD32A clusters and prevented the contact area formation. 
The relevance to phagocytosis of contact area formation between K562 cells and lipid bilayers was demonstrated using micro-beads coated with a lipid bilayer reconstituted with IgG as the opsonized target instead of the glass supported planar lipid bilayer. Disruption of membrane rafts, salvation of the actin cytoskeleton, and inhibition of myosin II activity were found to inhibit phagocytosis.
These data suggest membrane rafts play several important roles in CD32A mediated phagocytosis including pre-clustering CD32A, transport of CD32A to the phagocytic cup, and transport of the opsonized target towards the Golgi complex. Here we have provided evidence that membrane rafts serve as platforms which are used to cluster CD32A and transport CD32A along the actin cytoskeleton to the site of phagocytic synapse formation thus allowing for the quick assembly of a phagocytic synapse.
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