Stuck in the jam? CO2 emissions and energy intensity in Mexico

Global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) have been accelerating in recent decades. Moreover, since the year 2000 global emissions have been growing far more rapidly than the worst scenarios projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Rogner et al., 2007, Raupach, et al., 2007). This growth has been driven by the expansion of activity in the world economy and the reversal of earlier declining trends in both the energy intensity of gross domestic product and the carbon intensity of energy (measured respectively, as energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product and the CO2 emissions per unit of total primary energy supply). According to the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), during the period 1970 to 2004 global emissions have risen as the combined effect of global income growth (77%) and global population growth (69%), which have surpassed the general decrease in energy intensity of GDP (-33%) and the almost null reduction in carbon intensity of energy (-2%). In other words, “declining carbon and energy intensities have been unable to offset income effects and population growth” at a global scale, rising consequently carbon emissions (Rogner et al., 2007, p. 107).CO2 emissions; energy intensity; environmental Kuznets curves

Employment and Regional Tourism in Europe, 1990-2000

Este articulo analiza varios indicadores de actividad turistica en 100 regiones de 12 paises de la Union Europea durante el periodo 1990-2000. Analizamos las posiciones que las distintas regiones ocupan en el ranking de indicadores de turismo hotelero y extra-hotelero. Consideramos que ambos tipos de turismo son importantes pues tienen una influencia positiva sobre el desarrollo del Valor Añadido y el Empleo en varios sectores, especialmente en los servicios comerciales y en la construccion. Presentamos un modelo econometrico que tiene en cuenta el impacto positivo de ambos tipos de turismo sobre el empleo no agrario de las regiones europeas. This article analyses some indicators of tourist activity on a regional level in 100 European Union regions belonging to 12 countries during the period 1990-2000. We analyse ranking positions in hotel tourism indicators and extra-hotel tourism indicators. Both types of tourism have a positive influence in the development of Value-Added and Employment in several sectors, particularly in commercial services and building activities. We present an econometric model that has into account the positive impact of both types of tourism in non-agrarian employment of European regions.

Health Expenditure, Poverty and Economic Development in Latin America 2000-2005

Two of the main problems of many Latin American countries are poverty and low levels of expenditure on health. In many countries there has been little progress in this regard due to the lack of resources, and thus it is important to focus on the main policies that may improve Latin American development because its positive effect on income per capita and health expenditure. This article analyses the evolution of health expenditure, poverty indicators and economic development in American countries for the period 2000-2005, and focus on the important positive effect that the necessary increase in industrial development will have on poverty eradication and health improvement for the next years. Both national policies and international cooperation to development in the poorest countries of Latin America should favor all the factors of production which contribute to foster economic development, and particularly the investment in industry.Health Expenditure, Education, Development, Poverty

Economic Development of American and European Areas in 1951-99

We present a comparison, at area level, of production by sector in America, Western Europe, Central Europe, East Mediterranean and East Europe, including also Russia and former Ussr countries, and we analyse the main differences among these areas in economic development during the 20th century.