Sustainable Development Goal #3 Good Health and Well-Being: Maternal and Child Health

The United Nations General Assembly has created 17 global goals labeled Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create a more peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable planet. The 2030 agenda calls for action of all countries in a global partnership to end poverty, create economic growth, reduce inequalities, and address climate change by preserving life on land and in water. Sustainable Goal #3, focuses on ensuring healthy lifestyles and sustaining well-being. This poster concentrates on maternal and child health by identifying the targets of SDG #3, indicators of how we measure progress and actors involved. The goal of this poster was to create awareness of this Sustainable Development Goal and what individuals, states, and organizations are working towards to achieve the 2030 targets. Progress has been made, although there needs to be continuous effort throughout all countries in order to accomplish the standards set in the SDGs

Puzzles, Problems and Provention: Burton and Beyond

The following provides a brief overview of one of the founders of conflict studies, John Burton, and his Basic Human Needs theory. Since Burton is seldomly cited in contemporary scholarship1 the following relies heavily on the reflections of David Dunn, published in 2004 and on a collection of writings written by Burton’s colleagues in 1990. While a set of questions remain incredibly important — are needs universal, how do they differ from interests and desires, do they exist in a hierarchy of importance, and, what is the relation between needs and culture? — the following concentrates primarily on two features that deserve re-examination and further reflection: first, what is the significance of the difference between Burton’s understanding of “puzzle-solving” and “problem-solving” and, second, how does Burton envision the term his created term of “proventing” conflict. Finally, does Human Needs Theory provide an emancipatory agenda for action or does it simply offer a critique of existing institutions and systems? Do we need to go beyond Burton

California and Unfree Labor: Assessing the Intent of the 1850 “An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians

Discussions of unfree labor systems in the United States have long been focused on history of institutionalized slavery on the East coast and plantation slavery in the American South. However, recent scholars have challenged the definitions of unfree labor systems based solely on the framework of American slavery in these areas. Forced Indian labor in the territory of Alta California between the late 18th and mid-nineteenth centuries has offered historians a major counter-example of institutionalized unfree labor within the United States. This paper focuses on explaining the social context under which the 1850 An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians developed. It argues that, despite California legislators\u27 rejection of the institutionalized slavery framework then in place in the American South, they nevertheless codified and perpetuated the subjugation of Native Americans that took place initially under Spanish and Mexican administration of California. The primary motivation for Indian policies under the administration of United States citizens, particularly the 1850 Indian Act, was to maintain control over Indian lives. Ostensibly for the protection of the Indians and non- Indian settlers alike, these policies expressly perpetuated established means of extracting resources (labor, land, water, minerals, timber, etc.) from the state\u27s indigenous population

Letter from C. H. Beitzel to Senator Langer Regarding November 6 Resolution Passed by Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council, November 13, 1945

This letter dated November 13, 1945, from Fort Berthold Agency Superintendent C. H. Beitzel to United States (US) Senator William Langer, thanks Langer for his letter of October 31 in which Langer enclosed copies of a committee report and a speech that he gave to the US Senate regarding the Garrison Dam construction. Beitzel says members of the Three Affiliated Tribes would likely want to see a copy of the speech to know that Langer is working for their interests. Beitzel encloses a copy of a resolution passed on November 6 by the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council extending gratitude to Langer and others for the courtesy they extended to delegates who went to Washington, D. C. recently. A copy of this resolution is enclosed. The resolution is signed by Martin Cross, George Gillette, and C. H. Beitzel. See also: Letter from Senator Langer to C. H. Beitzel Regarding Resolution Passed by Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council, November 27, 1945https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1985/thumbnail.jp

Congress Takes a Look at a No-Fault Proposal For Medical Malpractice: Some Observations

EVEN A CURSORY GLANCE at the news media in the recent past indicates that problems in the area of medical malpractice are rising to turbulent heights. For example, newspapers are increasingly printing long and passionate letters-to-the-editor dispraising numerous circumstances and individual types, which are allegedly the cause of the problem. The primary development, which caused the initiation of this storm, is the rising premium rate for medical malpractice insurance.\u27 The pinch on the physician\u27s pocketbook has resulted in outcries of frustration and anger from the medical community. Objects of these attacks have included the insurance industry, the legal profession, and the litigious nature of contemporary patients. Attorneys and members of the insurance industry have responded with counter allegations and justifications for the present state of affairs

Letter from C. H. Beitzel to Representative Burdick Regarding Missouri River Project, March 23, 1944

This letter dated March 23, 1944, from Fort Berthold Agency Superintendent C. H. Beitzel to United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick, inquires about the progress of the Missouri River Project. Beitzel notes that several Indian people have asked for information on the project and thanks Burdick for any information he can provide. See also: Letter from Guy Timboe on Behalf of Representative Burdick to C. H. Beitzel Regarding U.S. House Resolution 3961, April 5, 1944https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1492/thumbnail.jp

Letter from C. H. Beitzel to Commissioner Province Regarding Food Commodities, January 10, 1950

This letter dated January 10, 1950, from C. H. Beitzel to Commissioner Province of the United States Bureau of Indians Affairs, asks for surplus food commodities to be distributed to tribal members. Beitzel notes the Fort Berthold Tribal Council has made a resolution to this effect, too. A handwritten annotation at the top reads File Beitzel.https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1399/thumbnail.jp

CREATING DIAGRAMS FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN MATHEMATICS: IS IT WORTH THE EFFORT?

Diagrams are ubiquitous in mathematics instruction. This investigation examines whether the mental effort – often referred to as cognitive load – that is required to construct and use a diagram in order to solve a problem is associated with success in arriving at accurate problem solutions. In this article, data from a series of experiments that were conducted during the past decade are re-analyzed to compare the self-rated effort of being trained to use a diagram with subsequent problem-solving performance, relative to interventions in which participants were trained to use only equations to solve the same word problems. The results demonstrate that the mental effort invested in diagram training is not uniformly beneficial across all types of mathematics problems.  Specifically, diagram training is more efficacious for conditional-probability word problems than for joint- and total-probability word problems.  Of particular note is the repeated finding that training in how to use Venn diagrams causes worse performance for undergraduates solving total-probability problems

Letter from C. H. Beitzel to Representative Burdick Regarding Food Commodities, December 29, 1949

This letter dated December 29, 1949, from Superintendent of the Turtle Mountain Consolidated Agency to United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick, addresses the need for additional surplus food commodities for the Turtle Mountain Band of Indians. Beitzel notes he has attached a copy of a resolution and that the additional food would help supplement their allowances during the winter. See Also: Letter from Representative Burdick to C. H. Beitzel Regarding Food Commodities, January 11, 1950https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1400/thumbnail.jp