MINIATURE ATS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 8

Tujuan utama dari proyek akhir ini untuk merancang dan membuat suatu teknologi yang bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, khususnya kebutuhan sumber energi listrik terbaharukan. Teknologi ini berfungsi untuk mengoptimalkan suatu sistem kelangsungan pengadaan tenaga listrik, dalam hal ini adalah sistem penghematan listrik dengan tenaga matahari untuk menggantikan energi listrik dari PLN. yang sangat diaplikasikan untuk penghematan dan pengolahan energi terbaharukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam memindahkan energi listrik dari sumber PLN ke sumber tenaga listrik yang terbaharukan, dengan cara mengidentifikasi potensi peluang pemanfaatan energi listrik yang dapat diolah dari sinar matahari secara maksimal sesuai kebutuhan, rancangan yang digunakan sebagai media pengolah energi sinar matahari berupa solar cell dan inverter dengan beberapa manfaat utama diantaranya memiliki daya yang cukup tinggi untuk mengolah energi sinar matahari kebentuk energi listrik, tidak menimbulkan sisa pembakaran atau residu yang sangat merusak alam. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari alat auto transfer switch (ATS) telah menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan perencanaan. Alat ini dapat memindahkan sumber energi listrik dari sumber PLN ke inverter sell surya (sumber dari inverter sebagai sumber yang diutamakan) untuk mensuplai beban, dengan tunda waktu yang dapat ditentukan. Sistem perpindahan secara otomatis dipengaruhi oleh tegangan yang kurang dari 209 volt. LCD dapat menampilkan informasi pengaturan tunda waktu dan nilai tegangan inverter sell surya dan tegangan PLN, dan juga menampilkan kursor sebagai tanda sumber tegangan dari inverter atau dari sumber tegangan PLN untuk mensuplai beban

Why has Growth slowed in Sub-Saharan Africa: A System GMM-IV Approach

In this paper we estimated the traditional cross-country growth model and corrected for model endogeneity bias and country-specific hetereogeneity effects. Using the System-IV Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, we identified the key factors that determine GDP per capita growth rate in a panel regression model of 100 countries. Parameter robustness tests was applied to the models which also included: Within Fixed E®ects; Pooled-Ordinary Least Square and Levels-IV GMM models, using the Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA). We found that most of the estimated covariates that show significant coefficients in the regression model are actually fragile, except for initial income, institutions and real exchange rate over valuation. More importantly too, the results suggested that natural resource endowment, such as oil, may not have accounted for why some resource rich developing countries (e.g Nigeria) have grown slowly as is commonly argued in the literature.Fixed Effects Models; Economic Growth; Endogeneity; Method of Moments

The Relationship between Economic Growth and Capital Structure of Listed Companies: Evidence of Japan, Malaysia, and Pakistan

Corporate enterprise is a natural outcome of capitalism in the course of economic development. The underwriter firms and banks etc. initially meet the capital requirements of such enterprise. Later on it is the stock exchange that carries out redistribution of shares of the enterprise. Corporate decisions on capital structure policy have long been a subject of debate and still remain an unresolved issue. The traditional view of capital structure was that it results in the weighted average cost of capital being U-shaped, which means that there exists as an optimal mix between debt and equity, at which point a firm’s value is maximised. However, Modigliani-Miller (1958), in a world of no tax and no financial distress, proved that capital structure is irrelevant to explaining firm values. When company taxes are considered, the benefits from tax shield leads Modigliani-Miller (1963) to conclude that the value maximising capital structure is extreme leverage. In a subsequent paper Miller (1977), by introducing both corporate tax and personal taxes into the model, points towards irrelevance of capital structure for any particular firm.

Penghasilan panduan keselamatan industri bagi kegunaan bakal graduan Kejuruteraan Elektrik Politeknik

Panduan keselamatan industri merupakan satu bentuk bimbingan yang penting kepada pelajar supaya mereka dapat mengetahui dengan jelas tentang amalan dan pengurusan keselamatan keija. Dengan adanya kesedaran dan pengetahuan yang jelas tentang keselamatan keija maka sudah tentu matlamat kemalangan sifar akan mudah tercapai. Untuk perkara ini, satu penyelidikan telah dijalankan untuk menguji tahap pengetahuan pelajar tentang keselamatan industri bagi tujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah panduan keselamatan industri. Panduan yang telah dihasilkan ini, telah dibuat penilaian mengenai isi kandungan , kebolehlaksanaan dan mesra pengguna kepada pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan Elektrik di Polileknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, Jitra, Kedah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah soal selidik. Hasil analisis kajian menunjukkan bahawa nilai purata yang diperolehi daripada penilaian terhadap tahap pengetahuan pelajar adalah sederhana rendah manakala isi kandungan, kebolehlaksanaan dan mesra pengguna pula telah menunjukkan kadar setuju yang agak tinggi. Oleh itu sebagai rumusannya didapati bahawa panduan keselamatan industri yang dihasilkan ini boleh diterima pakai dan boleh membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan pelajar dalam pembelajarannya. Adalah diharapkan agar penyelidikan lanjutan dapat dilakukan terhadap panduan keselamatan industri ini agar ianya dapat dihasilkan kedalam bentuk yang lebih berkesan penggunaannya

Oil Price Shocks and Monetary Policy Aggregates in Nigeria: A Structural VAR Approach

Studies have shown that the impact of oil price volatility varies significantly across countries and within the different sectors of a particular economy. The impact vary according to the prevailing state of an economy: whether the economy is a net importer or exporter of oil; the exchange rate regime; monetary policy framework; the vulnerability of the key sectors of the economy and the degree of openness of the economy. In this study, we have used both restricted and unrestricted structural VAR models to decompose the impact of oil price shocks. Using a seven-variable VAR matrix which include monetary policy aggregates, we forecast the impact of a one standard deviation innovation to oil price on inflation rate, money supply, interest rate, government expenditure, GDP per capita growth rate, exchange rate and manufacturing output over a ten-year period. We imposed identification restrictions on the VAR model to identify the structural parameters of the seven equations and show the variance decomposition analysis. The results shows that the second-round effects of oil price shocks may be transmitted to the other sectors of the economy through the government expenditure - inflation rate channels with significant direct impact on the real sector and other monetary aggregates.Oil Price Shocks; Monetary Policy; Vector autoregressive model

Why Do You Spread This Message? Understanding Users Sentiment in Social Media Campaigns

Twitter has been increasingly used for spreading messages about campaigns. Such campaigns try to gain followers through their Twitter accounts, influence the followers and spread messages through them. In this paper, we explore the relationship between followers sentiment towards the campaign topic and their rate of retweeting of messages generated by the campaign. Our analysis with followers of multiple social-media campaigns found statistical significant correlations between such sentiment and retweeting rate. Based on our analysis, we have conducted an online intervention study among the followers of different social-media campaigns. Our study shows that targeting followers based on their sentiment towards the campaign can give higher retweet rate than a number of other baseline approaches

Does Microcredit Create Over-indebtedness?

In the context of the present crisis of microfinance, it is quite common to use the term over-indebtedness among the poor. Coming up with a precise definition of over-indebtedness for research or regulatory purposes is surprisingly a complex challenge. Few of researchers took attempt to define and measure over-indebtedness among microfinance borrowers. Among them Maurer and Pytkowska (2010); Spannuth & Pytkowska (2011) and Schicks (2011) are notable. But their definition and measurement process of over-indebtedness are not unique. Maurer and Pytkowska showed that by taking microcredit, 17% borrowers are over-indebted and 11% borrowers are at risk of becoming over-indebted in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Spannuth & Pytkowska demonstrated that 7% borrowers are insolvent, 4% borrowers are in critical position and 14% are at risk of becoming over-indebted in Kosovo. Schicks displayed that 30% borrowers are over-indebted in Ghana. The endeavor of this paper is to show the real fact whether microcredit creates over-indebtedness among its borrowers or not