In Portugal (1912): Aubrey Bell's depiction of Portuguese society under the First Republic

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Línguas, Culturas e Literaturas ModernasO objetivo da seguinte dissertação consiste na apresentação de In Portugal de Aubrey Fitz Geral Bell. Esta publicação, do ano 1912, pertence ao género da literatura de viagens. In Portugal relaciona a viagem de Aubrey Bell de 1911 através de Portugal que teve o seu início no sul (a região do Alentejo) e ficou concluída do norte (Trás-os-Montes). Esta tese é o resultado duma pesquisa sistemática, qualitativa, baseada na análise de literatura. A nossa investigação tem o seu fundamento num detalhado estudo das evidências a partir dos textos literários já publicados. Os dados analíticos foram colocados em duas tabelas (as ocorrências da palavra «pitoresco» e «cor» em quatro publicações de Aubrey Bell). A nossa intenção foi traçar a descrição da sociedade portuguesa por Aubrey Bell. Durante a sua viagem o Lusófilo conheceu o interior do país, as variedades da língua portuguesa, costumes, bem como muitos aspectos da vida portuguesa, que, com certeza, não tinha encontrado nos livros. O autor glorifica a paisagem portuguesa, sua rica flora e os modos simples da vida rural em Portugal. No entanto, Bell revela-se muito crítico de Lisboa que, na sua opinião, importa modas estrangeiras duma maneira demasiado leviana. Também estávamos preocupados em argumentar que a realidade sob a Primeira República, vista da perspectiva dum residente britânico, sempre foi odiosa e desprezível

Digitally tunable low noise amplifier

Low noise amplifiers are classified into two categories: Wideband low noise amplifiers and Narrowband low noise amplifiers. Wideband LNAs are known for achieving a poor noise performance. On the other hand, the noise performance of the narrowband amplifiers is good but only over a small frequency range. This constraint made their use restricted to certain applications, such as cellular phone applications (superheterodyne architecture), where a single operational frequency is needed. This thesis introduces a new low noise amplifier topology that provides a high selectivity and a low noise figure over a wide frequency range. The digitally tunable low noise amplifier can be implemented in narrowband applications as well as broadband applications. This thesis discusses in detail the design of the DTLNA. A detailed noise analysis is also discussed in this work. The noise analysis includes the effect of induced gate noise in CMOS, which is rarely cited but nonetheless of fundamental importance in establishing the limits of achievable noise performance. In addition, this thesis demonstrates the performance results of the digitally tunable low noise amplifier. These results prove that the overall performance of the DTLNA surpasses the performance of both wideband and narrowband amplifiers

Palladium catalysed reactions of halogenated heterocycles

1- The synthesis of unusually substituted halo-fluoroheterocycles has been achieved. 2,4,6-Tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine and 4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine were prepared from pentafluoropyridine, aluminium bromide and hydrogen bromide Reactions with lithium halides allowed the preparation of 4-iodo-2,3,5,6- tetrafluoropyridine, 4-iodo-2,6-dibromo-3,5-difluoropyridine, 4-iodo-2,3,5,6- tetrafluoropyridine and 4-chloro-2,6-dibromo-3,5-difluoropyridine.2- Reactions of 2,4,6-tribromo-3, 5-difluoropyridine with nucleophiles showed that selective substitution at the C-F centre can be achieved using hard (sodium ethoxide, phenoxide) nucleophiles.3- Lithium mediated reactions of 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine allowed selective functionalisation of the 4-position; lithium-halogen exchange occurred exclusively at this position giving a stable lithium derivative, which was successfully trapped with a range of electrophiles (trimethylsilyl chloride, acid chlorides).4- Palladium mediated couplings of 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine with a range of substituted phenylacetylenes was successful and the 2- and 6-positions were the most activated sites. Coupling with boronic acids gave the disubstituted or trisubstituted products; in the case of trisubstitution, all three positions (2-,4- and 6-) were activated towards coupling. 2,4,6-Tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine formed a stable zinc derivative, which was coupled with iodoaromatics (iodobenzene, diiodobenzene)

Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies among Moroccan high school teachers

Using 'a self-report questionnaire, a picture of stress, job satisfaction and coping strategies among a sample of 153 Moroccan 'high school teachers is established. Results of the study showed that 45% of teachers were satisfied with their job. When specific facets of job satisfaction were examined, teachers were most satisfied with the relationship they established with students and colleagues and were least satisfied with their social status. Results also revealed that over half of teachers reported high levels of stress and that stress and job satisfaction were negatively correlated. When teachers rated the intensity and frequency of 18 stress items, the two measures produced similar results. A principal components analysis was carried out on the stress items, and four factors were extracted: curriculum-related problems, student-related problems, classroom-related problems and work overload. A factor analysis of the 16 coping strategies produced four factors, labelled direct action, mental action, emotional action and physical action.peer-reviewe

Motivation, satisfaction, success attributions and cheating among high school students in Morocco

A self-report questionnaire was administered to 287 high school students to explore their perceived goal orientations, satisfaction with school, success attributions, and cheating behaviours and beliefs. Factor analysis procedures were used to establish the reliability of the scales. Students rated mastery goals higher than performance goals, and were more internal than external in success attributions; yet, they reported low levels of satisfaction with school. In addition, engagement in cheating and the belief that cheating is acceptable received high ratings. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that satisfaction with school was a negative predictor, and the attribution of success to luck a positive predictor, of the cheating variables. Finally, mastery orientation showed a negative relation with the cheating measures.peer-reviewe

Motivational orientations, self-efficacy, anxiety and strategy use in learning high school mathematics in Morocco

A self-report questionnaire was administered to 289 high school students in order to explore their perceived motivational orientations, strength of self-efficacy, level of test anxiety and strategy use, in learning mathematics. A factor analysis of the motivational items produced one factor for intrinsic orientation, and three factors for extrinsic orientation which were labelled 'grades', 'social status' and 'pleasing others'. Students appeared to be predominantly oriented towards obtaining good grades and gaining more social status, and reported using passive trategies more frequently than active strategies. However, correlational analyses showed that students with a stronger intrinsic orientation reported stronger self- efficacy, lower test anxiety and more frequent use of active strategies. By contrast, those with a stronger orientation towards grades reported higher perceptions of test anxiety, and greater use of passive strategies. Interestingly test anxiety related negatively to self-efficacy and to use of active strategiespeer-reviewe

Optimizing routes using the vehicle routing problem

With the emergence of e-commerce and its significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, more people aim to ship their products as fast as possible. More organizations such as DHL and USPS invest vast amounts of money in minimizing transportation costs while finding the shortest route that the delivery man should take to reach different destinations. My Work Project will evolve around studying the Vehicle Routing Problem that uses different algorithms to find the shortest route depending on various constraints. This project will include four parts: a literature review expressing an overview of the vehicle routing issue; then a state of the art of algorithm to understand the meaning behind the main algorithms. Finally, build a code (coding platform) using the algorithms discussed previously to solve a situation for the traveling salesman person and VRP

Education in Qatar: the complex reality of citizen satisfaction

In the space of a few years, and driven by a strong political will and substantial financial resources, Qatar has embraced an ambitious reform agenda to tackle a weak public education system. Yet, while helping to improve overall educational quality, the reforms have also raised citizen concerns over preserving Qatari culture. As seen here, parents’ attachment to traditions and values strongly impacts their decision-making in regards to child education. The voucher system approaches the question of school choice in terms of financial means, but its effects on educational mobility remain constrained by parents’ perceptions that international schools offer weak instruction in valued subjects such as Arabic language, Islamic studies, and Qatari history. Other aspects of independent schools, such as gender-segregated classrooms, also reflect traditional values. Substantial migration from independent to international schools among Qatari citizens remain strongly attached to traditional values. نجحت قطر في غضون أعوام قليلة، بدعم من إرادة سياسية قوية وموارد مالية ضخمة، في تبني خطة إصالح طموحة للتعاطي مع منظومة تعليم عام تتسم بالضعف. وبينما تساعد خطة اإلصالح هذه في تحسين جودة التعليم بوجه عام؛ إال أنها زادت من مخاوف المواطنين بشأن المحافظة على الثقافة القطرية. وكما رأينا هنا، فإن ارتباط أولياء األمور بالتقاليد والقيم يؤثر بقوة في إتخاذ القرار بشأن تعليم اطفالهم. وقد تعامل نظام القسائم التعليمية مع مسألة اختيار المدرسة فيما يتعلق بالتكلفة المالية، ّ إال أن أثره على الحركية التعليمية يبقى مقيدًا بتصورات أولياء األمور بأن المدارس الدولية تقدم تعليمًا ضعيفًا في مواد مثل اللغة العربية والدراسات اإلسالمية والتاريخ القطري. كما أن هناك جوانب أخرى في المدارس المستقلة، مثل الفصل بين الجنسين في حجرات الدراسة، تعكس أيضًا القيم التقليدية. ويبقى االنتقال بأعداد كبيرة من المدارس المستقلة إلى المدارس الدولية في أوساط المواطنين القطريين مرتبطًا بشدة بالقيم التقليدية

Motivation and learning preferences of high school students learning English as a foreign language in Morocco

This study explores the motivation and learning preferences of high school students in Morocco regarding their learning of English as a foreign language. The study sought to identify the students' preferences in relation to a number of instructional practices, and to identify the nature and strength of their motivation towards learning English. Teachers' views concerning the usefulness of different instructional practices were also investigated. A factor analysis of students' sources of motivation produced five factors, which were labelled intrinsic motivation, short-term instrumental motivation. long-term instrumental motivation, social integrative motivation, and cultural integrative motivation. The students had well defined and coherent learning preferences. They were highly visual and kinaesthetic, but weakly auditory. They highly valued cognitively oriented activities which involved grammatical awareness. The students' preferences seemed to be at odds with their teachers' views, who saw communicative activities as the most useful for learning. Such findings suggest that there is a need to bring teachers and students closer together, in a learner-centred approach to teaching.peer-reviewe

Equation du transport, formulation au sens des moindres carrées espace-temps et principe du maximum

International audienceWe propose a formulation according to the least square space-time of the transport equation which provides a maximum principle for an approximation with a first order Finite Element space Lagrangian quadrangula