4,253 research outputs found
Fluctuations in Single-Shot -Deterministic Work Extraction
There has been an increasing interest in the quantification of nearly
deterministic work extraction from a finite number of copies of microscopic
particles in finite time. This paradigm, so called single-shot
epsilon-deterministic work extraction, considers processes with small failure
probabilities. However, the resulting fluctuations in the extracted work
entailed by this failure probability have not been studied before. In the
standard thermodynamics paradigm fluctuation theorems are powerful tools to
study fluctuating quantities. Given that standard fluctuation theorems are
inadequate for a single-shot scenario, here we formulate and prove a
fluctuation relation specific to the single-shot epsilon-deterministic work
extraction to bridge this gap. Our results are general in the sense that we
allow the system to be in contact with the heat bath at all times. As a
corollary of our theorem we derive the known bounds on the
epsilon-deterministic work
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT FLOW DURING THE PROCESS OF WAREHOUSING
Efficiency of flow of goods in pharmaceutical industry is essentiallydetermined by efficient warehousing processes. This causes necessity of use oftechnologies for support of flow of pharmaceutical products, whose specific nature forcesapplication of IT systems which perform, except for standard tasks, some auxiliaryfunctions. This paper presents an overview of the IT systems used in chemistries and listsbenefits which can be derived from application of electronic system of medicine ordering.warehousing process, products flow, EDI
Negative Conditional Entropy of Post-Selected States
We define a quantum entropy conditioned on post-selection which has the von
Neumann entropy of pure states as a special case. This conditional entropy can
take negative values which is consistent with part of a quantum system
containing less information than the whole which can be in a pure state. The
definition is based on generalised density operators for postselected
ensembles. The corresponding density operators are consistent with the quantum
generalisation of classical conditional probabilities following Dirac s
formalism of quasiprobability distributions
Haematological malignancy: are we measuring what is important to patients? A systematic review of quality of life instruments
© 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionâNonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.The wide range of healthârelated qualityâofâlife (HRQoL) instruments used in haematology makes it challenging for haematologists and other care team members in practice to select, use and understand the scoring system and finally interpret the results. The main objectives of this study were to: (a) provide a comprehensive list of qualityâofâlife issues important to patients suffering from haematological malignancies, identified through the literature; (b) provide a list of healthârelated qualityâofâlife (HRQoL) instruments used in haematological malignancies in both daily clinical practice and research; and (c) evaluate the relevance and comprehensibility of the identified instruments in haematological malignancies. Systematic literature review of two databases, followed by addition of articles by manual searching, was carried out. The articles focusing on the primary studies, which have used semiâstructured/structured interviews or surveys to identify issues important to HM patients, and other studies describing the results of testing measurement properties, such as reliability, validity and responsiveness of the instruments currently used to evaluate the HRQoL in different HMs, were included. Fiftyâseven studies reported development and validation of 30 HRQoL instruments, which have been used in haematology. Twentyâfour studies were identified using qualitative methods to report HRQoL issues and symptoms from a patient's perspective. No identified instrument captured all the issues identified from the qualitative studies. None of the instruments reviewed appeared to have been developed for use in clinical practice and specifically for patients with HM, except MyPOS. Furthermore, measurement properties were established, largely, in clinical trial scenarios. There is a need for development of a new HRQoL instrument entirely based on involvement of patients with haematological malignancies.Peer reviewe
Enhanced communication with the assistance of indefinite causal order
In quantum Shannon theory, the way information is encoded and decoded takes
advantage of the laws of quantum mechanics, while the way communication
channels are interlinked is assumed to be classical. In this Letter we relax
the assumption that quantum channels are combined classically, showing that a
quantum communication network where quantum channels are combined in a
superposition of different orders can achieve tasks that are impossible in
conventional quantum Shannon theory. In particular, we show that two identical
copies of a completely depolarizing channel become able to transmit information
when they are combined in a quantum superposition of two alternative orders.
This finding runs counter to the intuition that if two communication channels
are identical, using them in different orders should not make any difference.
The failure of such intuition stems from the fact that a single noisy channel
can be a random mixture of elementary, non-commuting processes, whose order (or
lack thereof) can affect the ability to transmit information
The study of mammalian metabolism through NMR-based metabolomics
High-resolution NMR spectroscopy has been widely used to monitor metabolism almost since the technique's development. It is now one of the principle technologies used in metabolomics, to profile the metabolite compliment of a cell, tissue, organism, or biofluid. This chapter describes how tissue extracts are prepared for NMR spectroscopy and, in particular, focuses on two approaches based on perchloric acid and methanol/chloroform extractions. This is followed by a description of key NMR experiments that can be used to profile tissue extracts, biofluids, or intact tissues. While these NMR techniques should be optimized for a particular sample set, we provide some tried and tested starting parameters for these experiments which should allow the user to acquire good quality spectra
Publicness, Privacy and Confidentiality in the Single-Serving Quantum Broadcast Channel
The 2-receiver broadcast channel is studied: a network with three parties
where the transmitter and one of the receivers are the primarily involved
parties and the other receiver considered as third party. The messages that are
determined to be communicated are classified into public, private and
confidential based on the information they convey. The public message contains
information intended for both parties and is required to be decoded correctly
by both of them, the private message is intended for the primary party only,
however, there is no secrecy requirement imposed upon it meaning that it can
possibly be exposed to the third party and finally the confidential message
containing information intended exclusively for the primary party such that
this information must be kept completely secret from the other receiver. A
trade-off arises between the rates of the three messages, when one of the rates
is high, the other rates may need to be reduced to guarantee the reliable
transmission of all three messages. The encoder performs the necessary
equivocation by virtue of dummy random numbers whose rate is assumed to be
limited and should be considered in the trade-off as well. We study this
trade-off in the one-shot regime of a quantum broadcast channel by providing
achievability and (weak) converse regions. In the achievability, we prove and
use a conditional version of the convex-split lemma as well as position-based
decoding. By studying the asymptotic behaviour of our bounds, we will recover
several well-known asymptotic results in the literature.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, journa
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