Iron Oxide-Based Catalyst for Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil

This chapter describes an iron oxide catalyst containing Zr and Al for production of light hydrocarbons by catalytic cracking of petroleum residual oil in a steam atmosphere. The catalyst was hematite structure and useful for decomposition and desulfurization of residual oil. After lattice oxygen of iron oxide reacted with heavy oil fraction of residual oil, oxygen species generated from steam were supplied to iron oxide lattice and reacts with heavy oil fraction, producing light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. When the oxygen species were generated from steam, hydrogen species were simultaneously generated from steam. The hydrogen species were transferred to light hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, and residue deposited on the catalyst. Supplies of the hydrogen species to light hydrocarbons suppressed alkene generation. Generation of hydrogen sulfide indicated decomposition of sulfur compounds of residual oil. The sulfur concentration of product oil decreased compared to the concentration of residual oil. Some oxygen species could be transferred to sulfur dioxide. Accordingly, hydrogenation and oxidation by the hydrogen and oxygen species derived from steam provided the decomposition and desulfurization of residual oil with the iron oxide-based catalyst in a steam atmosphere

Assessing human error during collecting a hydrocarbon sample of the chemical plant using therp

This paper reports the assessment method of the hydrocarbon sample collection standard operation procedure (SOP) using THERP. The Performance Shaping Factors (PSF) from THERP analyzed and assessed the human errors during collecting a hydrocarbon sample of a petrochemical refinery plant. Twenty-two scenarios and standard operating procedures (SOP) are analysed to identify the human errors. The event tree analysis is employed to quantify the human error. The finding revealed that the THERP is a feasible technique for measuring human performance errors and performance shaping factors.Keywords: THERP, Event Tree Analysis, Human Error Probability, Hydrocarbon SampleCollection SOP

Developing a group coaching model to cultivate creative confidence

This paper explores a new domain of coaching: group coaching for creativity. Despite increasing research on creativity literacy, rarely do we talk about the motivation to be creative. Many people don’t believe in their creative potential and they lack the confidence to start exploring their creativity. Group coaching can cultivate creative confidence and build a solid motivation to nurture one’s creativity. The research developed a group coaching model using an action research methodology. Five group coaching sessions were conducted in Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results provide positive evidence of the model’s viability