Dona i treball : de la flexibilitat informal a la nova organització del temps. El cas d'Itàlia

Durant els anys seixanta i setanta la participació femenina en el mercat laboral a Itàlia estava fortament condicionada tant per les necessitats de les famílies com per les característiques del desenvolupament industrial. En efecte, la "dispersió" econòmica típica de les regions de l'anomenada "Tercera Itàlia", es basava en les activitats "informals" de les dones i en la flexibilitat de la força laboral femenina, en el moment en que elles acceptaven introduir-se i retirar-se del mercat laboral, segons el cicle econbmic i el cicle vital de la familia. Així, el model cultural del treball femení predominant era un model de "prioritat familiar". Durant els últims quinze anys, però, han ocorregut importants canvis en I'estructura de la familia i en l'actitud de les dones respecte al treball remunerat. Ara emergeix un model cultural nou: les dones no estan disposades a deixar la seva carrera professional ni la seva independència econòmica, però això no implica establir una prioritat del treball remunerat per sobre el fet de tenir cura de la familia. No obstant això, aquest nou model cultural femení no ha estat acompanyat d'un canvi en la societat respecte a la igualtat d'oportunitats en l'accés al mercat laboral. La doble jornada desenvolupada per les dones en el mercat laboral i en la familia les posa en una situació de contínua pressió sobre el seu temps. El debat encetat recentment a Itàlia sobre la reorganització dels horaris de treball i de la vida quotidiana, sembla del tot rellevant.Durante los años sesenta y setenta la participación femenina en el mercado laboral en Italia estaba muy condicionada tanto por las necesidades de las familias como por las características del desarrollo industrial. Efectivamente, la adispersións económica típica de las regiones de la llamada "Tercera Italia", se basaba en las actividades "informales" de la mujeres y en la flexibilidad de la fuerza laboral femenina, en el momento en el que ellas aceptaban introducirse y retirarse del mercado laboral, según el ciclo económico y el ciclo vital de la familia. Asi, el modelo cultural del trabajo femenino predominante era un modelo de "prioridad familiar". Durante los últimos quince años han ocurrido importantes cambios en la estructura de la familia y en la actitud de las mujeres respecto el trabajo remunerado. Está emergiendo un nuevo modelo cultural: las mujeres no están dispuestas a dejar su carrera profesional ni su independencia económica, pero eso no implica el establecer una prioridad del trabajo remunerado por encima del de asistencia a la familia. No obstante, este nuevo modelo cultural femenino no se ha acompañado de un cambio en la sociedad respecto a la igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso al mercado laboral. La doble jornada desarrollada por las mujeres en el mercado laboral y en la familia las pone en una situación de continua presión sobre su tiempo. El debate aparecido recientemente en Italia sobre la reorganización de los horarios de trabajo y de la vida cotidiana parece muy relevante.Durant les années soixante et soixante-dix, la participation féminine dans le marché du travail en Italie était fortement conditionnée, d'une part par la nécessité des familles et, de l'autre, par les caractéristiques du développement industriel. En effet, la "dispersion" économique typique des regions appellée "Tiers Italie", se fondait sur les activités "informelles" des femmes et sur la flexibilité de la force de travail féminine, à partir du moment où ces femmes acceptaient d'entrer et de sortir du marché du travail, en fonction du cycle économique et du cycle de vie de la famille. Ainsi le modèle culturel de travail féminin prédominant était un modèle de "priorité familiale". Durant ces quinze dernières années, d'importants changements sont apparus dans la structure de la famille et dans l'attitude des femmes par rapport au travail salarié. Un nouveau modèle culturel est en train d'émerger: les femmes ne sont pas disposées à abandonner leur carrière professionelle ni leur indépendance économique, mais cela n'implique pas qu'elles donnent priorité au travail salarié par dessus les soins à apporté à la famille. Ce nouveau modèle culturel féminin n'a pas été accompagné par un changement social relatif à l'égalité des chances pour l'accès au marché du travail. La double journée effectuée par les femmes entre marché du travail et famille les met dans une situation continuelle de pression par rapport au temps. Le debat, commencé récemment en Italie, pour la réorganisation des horaires de travail et de vie quotidienne apparait ainsi comme très pertinent.In the sixties and seventies female participation in the labour market in Italy was deeply conditioned both by the needs of the family and the characteristics of industrial development. Indeed, the "dispersed" economy typical of the regions of the so called "third Italy" was based on women's "informal" work activities and on the flexibility of the female labour force as they were agreeable to moving in and out of the informal labour market, according to the economic cycle and the family life-cycle. The prevailing cultural model with respect to women's work was then a "family priority" model. During the last 15 years, however, there have been important changes in family structure and the attitude of women toward paid work. A new cultural model is emerging: women are no longer willing to give up their professional career and their economic independence, but this does not imply establishing priority for paid work over the job of caring for the family. However this new women's cultural model has not been accompanied by a change in society as a whole with respect to equal opportunities for access to the labour market. The double work load of women in the labour market and in the family puts them in a situation of continuous pressure on their time. The debate on the reorganization of work and daily life time schedules held recently in Italy therefore seems quite relevant

CaDrA: A Computational Framework for Performing Candidate Driver Analyses Using Genomic Features

The identification of genetic alteration combinations as drivers of a given phenotypic outcome, such as drug sensitivity, gene or protein expression, and pathway activity, is a challenging task that is essential to gaining new biological insights and to discovering therapeutic targets. Existing methods designed to predict complementary drivers of such outcomes lack analytical flexibility, including the support for joint analyses of multiple genomic alteration types, such as somatic mutations and copy number alterations, multiple scoring functions, and rigorous significance and reproducibility testing procedures. To address these limitations, we developed Candidate Driver Analysis or CaDrA, an integrative framework that implements a step-wise heuristic search approach to identify functionally relevant subsets of genomic features that, together, are maximally associated with a specific outcome of interest. We show CaDrA’s overall high sensitivity and specificity for typically sized multi-omic datasets using simulated data, and demonstrate CaDrA’s ability to identify known mutations linked with sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment using data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We further apply CaDrA to identify novel regulators of oncogenic activity mediated by Hippo signaling pathway effectors YAP and TAZ in primary breast cancer tumors using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which we functionally validate in vitro. Finally, we use pan-cancer TCGA protein expression data to show the high reproducibility of CaDrA’s search procedure. Collectively, this work demonstrates the utility of our framework for supporting the fast querying of large, publicly available multi-omics datasets, including but not limited to TCGA and CCLE, for potential drivers of a given target profile of interest

Toxicological Profiling of Onion-Peel-Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Using In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model

Toxicological profiling of the novel carbon materials has become imperative, owing to their wide applicability and potential health risks on exposure. In the current study, the toxicity of mesoporous carbon nanospheres synthesized from waste onion peel was investigated using the genetic animal model Drosophila melanogaster. The survival assays at different doses of carbon nanoparticles suggested their non-toxic effect for exposure for 25 days. Developmental and behavioral defects were not observed. The biochemical and metabolic parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein level, triglyceride level, and glucose, were not significantly altered. The neurological toxicity as analyzed using acetylcholinesterase activity was also not altered significantly. Survival, behavior, and biochemical assays suggested that oral feeding of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for 25 days did not elicit any significant toxicity effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Thus, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles synthesized from waste onion peel can be used as beneficial drug carriers in different disease models

Temperature distribution of a non-flaring active region from simultaneous Hinode XRT and EIS observations

We analyze coordinated Hinode XRT and EIS observations of a non-flaring active region to investigate the thermal properties of coronal plasma taking advantage of the complementary diagnostics provided by the two instruments. In particular we want to explore the presence of hot plasma in non-flaring regions. Independent temperature analyses from the XRT multi-filter dataset, and the EIS spectra, including the instrument entire wavelength range, provide a cross-check of the different temperature diagnostics techniques applicable to broad-band and spectral data respectively, and insights into cross-calibration of the two instruments. The emission measure distribution, EM(T), we derive from the two datasets have similar width and peak temperature, but show a systematic shift of the absolute values, the EIS EM(T) being smaller than XRT EM(T) by approximately a factor 2. We explore possible causes of this discrepancy, and we discuss the influence of the assumptions for the plasma element abundances. Specifically, we find that the disagreement between the results from the two instruments is significantly mitigated by assuming chemical composition closer to the solar photospheric composition rather than the often adopted "coronal" composition (Feldman 1992). We find that the data do not provide conclusive evidence on the high temperature (log T[K] >~ 6.5) tail of the plasma temperature distribution, however, suggesting its presence to a level in agreement with recent findings for other non-flaring regions.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

withdrawn 2017 hrs ehra ecas aphrs solaece expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation

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Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe