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    119348 research outputs found

    Improvements Proposed to Noisy-OR Derivatives for Multi-Causal Analysis: A Case Study of Simultaneous Electromagnetic Disturbances

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    International audienceIn multi-causal analysis, the independence of causal influence (ICI) assumed by the noisy-OR (NOR) model can be used to predict the probability of the effect when several causes are present simultaneously, and to identify (when it fails) inter-causal dependence (ICD) between them. The latter is possible only if the probability of observing the multi-causal effect is available for comparison with a corresponding NOR estimate. Using electromagnetic interference in an integrated circuit as a case study, the data corresponding to the probabilities of observing failures (effect) due to the injection of individual (single cause) and simultaneous electromagnetic disturbances having different frequencies (multiple causes) were collected. This data is initially used to evaluate the NOR model and its existing derivatives, which have been proposed to reduce the error in predictions for higher-order multi-causal interactions that make use of the available information on lower-order interactions. Then, to address the identified limitations of the NOR and its existing derivatives, a new deterministic model called Super-NOR is proposed, which is based on correction factors estimated from the available ICD information

    Exponential DG methods for Vlasov equations

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    International audienceIn this work, an exponential Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is proposed to solve numerically Vlasov type equations. The DG method is used for space discretization which is combined exponential Lawson Runge-Kutta method for time discretization to get high order accuracy in time and space. In addition to get high order accuracy in time, the use of Lawson methods enables to overcome the stringent condition on the time step induced by the linear part of the system. Moreover, it can be proved that a discrete Poisson equation is preserved. Numerical results on Vlasov-Poisson and Vlasov Maxwell equations are presented to illustrate the good behavior of the exponential DG method

    Infinitely many arithmetic alternating links: class number greater than one

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    International audienc

    Étude anthracologique du site d'Amilly – Les Monts D’Ouerray (28

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    Rapport intégré dans le RFO : in F. Dupont et al. (in progress)Lors des fouilles menées sur le site « Amilly - Les Monts d'Ouerray (28) » (code site AMI 103),dirigées par Frédéric Dupont de la Direction Archéologie de la ville de Chartres, diverses structuresnéolithiques et gallo-romaines de combustion (fours), fosses et funéraires (crémations, sépultures) ont été observées et prélevées en vue d'une analyse anthracologique. Cette étude a été confiée à laplateforme LAGO (Université de Rennes, laboratoire CReAAH UMR 6566)

    KidneyExchange.jl: A Julia package for solving the kidney exchange problem with branch-and-price

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    International audienceThe kidney exchange problem (KEP) is an increasingly important healthcare management problem in most European and North American countries which consists of matching incompatible patient-donor pairs in a centralized system. Despite the significant progress in the exact solution of KEP instances in recent years, larger instances still pose a challenge especially when altruistic donors are taken into account. In this article, we present a branch-and-price algorithm for the exact solution of KEP in the presence of altruistic donors. This algorithm is based on a disaggregated cycle and chains formulation where subproblems are managed through graph copies. We additionally, present a branch-and-price algorithm based on the position-indexed chain-edge formulation, as well as two compact formulations. We formalize and analyze the complexity of the resulting pricing problems and identify the conditions under which they can be solved using polynomial-time algorithms. We propose several algorithmic improvements for the branch-and-price algorithms as well as for the pricing problems. We extensively test all of our implementations using a benchmark made up of different types of instances with the largest instances considered having 10000 pairs and 1000 altruists. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can be up to two orders of magnitude faster compared to the state-of-the-art. All models and algorithms presented in the paper are gathered in an open-access Julia package, KidneyExchange.jl

    Molecular Dynamics as a Tool for Virtual Ligand Screening

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    Rational drug design is essential for new drugs to emerge, especially when the structure of a target protein or nucleic acid is known. To that purpose, high-throughput virtual ligand screening campaigns aim at discovering computationally new binding molecules or fragments to modulate particular biomolecular interactions or biological activities, related to a disease process. The structure-based virtual ligand screening process primarily relies on docking methods which allow predicting the binding of a molecule to a biological target structure with a correct conformation and the best possible affinity. The docking method itself is not sufficient as it suffers from several and crucial limitations (lack of full protein flexibility information, no solvation and ion effects, poor scoring functions, and unreliable molecular affinity estimation).At the interface of computer techniques and drug discovery, molecular dynamics (MD) allows introducing protein flexibility before or after a docking protocol, refining the structure of protein-drug complexes in the presence of water, ions, and even in membrane-like environments, describing more precisely the temporal evolution of the biological complex and ranking these complexes with more accurate binding energy calculations. In this chapter, we describe the up-to-date MD, which plays the role of supporting tools in the virtual ligand screening (VS) process.Without a doubt, using docking in combination with MD is an attractive approach in structure-based drug discovery protocols nowadays. It has proved its efficiency through many examples in the literature and is a powerful method to significantly reduce the amount of required wet experimentations

    L’approche systémique au soutien de l’effectivité d’une mobilité solidaire

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    International audienceLes germes d’une approche systémique du couple « mobilité-solidarité » sont sortis grâce à l’adoption d’une définition de la mobilité comme un accès aux services et l’admission d’une territorialisation de l’action publique. Toutefois, le manque d’articulation des politiques freine son opérationnalisation, et une analyse de fond devrait être développée sur la contractualisation du financement de cette nouvelle compétence

    Quinolinoacridine as High Efficiency Building Unit in Single-Layer Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

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    International audienceThe performances of simplified single-layer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (SL-PhOLEDs) have significantly increased and they now appear to be a promising alternative to multi-layer PhOLEDs. The blue and white emissions, far more challenging than all the other colours, are still particularly desired. Herein, a high efficiency host material for blue emitting SL-PhOLED using the blue emitter FIr6 is reported, which is particularly interesting as it displays an emission at shorter wavelengths than the well-known FIrpic emitter, almost exclusively reported in the SL-PhOLEDs literature. The host material investigated herein is constructed on the electron-rich quinolinoacridine and displays when incorporated in FIr6-based SL-PhOLEDs, an external quantum efficiency (EQE)⟩10% and a low Von of 3.1 V. This is the first work passing an EQE of 10% with FIr6 as an emitter. This host also reaches a very high EQE of 19% when used with the green emitter Ir(ppy)2acac, this performance being among the highest recorded for green SL-PhOLEDs. Finally, as white SL-PhOLEDs involve blue emitting SL-PhOLEDs, this host is also used with a combination of blue and yellow emitters. An extremely high EQE of 24% is reached with CIE coordinates of (0.40;0.48). These findings show the real potential of the quinolinoacridine fragment to reach high performance multi-colour SL-PhOLEDs. A high-efficiency host, constructed on electron-rich quinolinoacridine, for blue and green-emitting simplified single-layer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (SL-PhOLEDs), is reported. The performance is among the highest recorded for green SL-PhOLEDs. To gain insights in the development of challenging white SL-PhOLEDs, this host is also used with a combination of blue and yellow emitters, providing a very high external quantum efficiency of 24%.imag

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