Character Values of Stanley Sequences

Stanley and Odlyzko proposed a method for greedily constructing sets with no 3-term arithmetic progressions. It is conjectured that there is a dichotomy between such sequences: those that have a periodic structure as the sequence satisfies certain recurrence relations while others appear to be chaotic. One large class of sequences that have these periodic behaviors are known as independent sequences that have two parameters, a character and a growth factor. It was conjectured by Rolnick that all but a finite set of integers can be achieved as characters of a independent sequences. Previously the only large class of integers known to be characters where those with base 3 representations consisting solely of the digits 0 and 2. This paper dramatically improves this result by demonstrating that all even integers not congruent to 244 mod 486 can be achieved as characters, therefore demonstrating that the set of all characters has a positive lower density.Comment: Java Code for Verification Adde

Aetiology and treatment of epidermal depigmentory disorder in humans

The epidermal depigmentary trigger in humans at post-natal level may occur with the toxification of skin organ with the endogenously produced melanocytotoxic hydrogen peroxide and subsequent formation of hydrogen peroxide- melanolipoprotein conjugate involving the hydrogen bonding of complementary hydroxyl and carbonyl molecular surfaces of these biosignitures respectively. The condition is multifactorial but reversible. The structural and functional degeneration of melanocytes under the acquired condition never occur. The molecular conjugation theory on the aetiology and line of treatment of the epidermal depigmentary disorder (recoined as hepato-epidermal syndrome HES) has been proposed. The inherent sulfoxides of Allium cepa have been found as the renaturant of HES condition with the capacity to dislodge the denaturant hydrogen peroxide forming stronger hydrogen bonding with hydrogen peroxide than that of carbonyl molecular surface of melanolipoprotein, the epidermal colour determinant. The orally and topically defined plant based combined therapy advances the recovery time of HES condition

Fiscal reforms at the sub-national level: The case of Punjab.

The importance and need for sub-national fiscal reforms is all too obvious in India where the States are facing severe fiscal imbalances since the beginning of the nineties. A decade of political strife in the eighties, followed by populist economic policies in the nineties led to a massive fiscal deterioration in Punjab, hampering its overall growth process. The Fiscal Reform Programme in the state was initiated in 1999 with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of India and the Punjab government. This was followed by the setting up of various committees and commissions to look into the problems of revenue mobilisation, expenditure management, public enterprises and the power sector. The more recent effort towards fiscal consolidation has been the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003. The assessment of the entire fiscal reform effort of the state reveals that the Punjab government is seized of the seriousness of the situation, admits the gravity of consequences but lacks the grit and determination to implement certain hard decisions for fiscal restructuring. The government is very much caught up in the web of populist policies and succumbs readily to political pressure against certain unpopular decisions for attaining fiscal stability. The success of the fiscal reform programme depends only on the administrative competence and political will of the government towards achieving longterm fiscal consolidation and restoration of fiscal balances in the state.Fiscal reforms ; Punjab

Environmental Sustainability and the Account of Genuine Wealth in India

In order to gauge the sustainability of the economic growth of nations, genuine savings rates are used as a ready comparable measure. Essentially it provides a measure of the sum of the change in various forms of capital, including manufactured, ecological (natural resource and pollution), human and knowledge capital. The depreciation in manufactured and natural capital during the economic growth process is deducted from the conventional national savings to measure genuine wealth. With increasing attention to global warming, the loss due to the increase in stock pollution of carbon emissions has also entered into the accounting exercise. However the damage from local flow and stock pollutants to human capital productivity has not got the same attention. This paper argues that in a developing country like India, where adverse human health impacts are known to be significant from local pollution and defensive expenditure is not forthcoming from the population at large, ignoring human productivity losses introduces a serious upward bias in the genuine wealth and savings measure especially with an increasing trend in emission of hazardous wastes. To this effect, it considers human capital as a function of both education and the stock pollutant in the Hamilton model that further raises the cost of pollutants. The paper suggests that, the depreciation in human capital may be taken as an increasing function of the local pollution generated in the system (following the current logic of using education expenditure as a proxy for enhancement in human capital). The attention to the local pollutants in the genuine wealth and savings measure would help focus developing country government policy on local pollution concurrently with their focus on global pollutants. The paper observes that current development of green accounting system in India is a step in the right direction, since it has attempted to account for health costs of pollution in some of the states.