A relativistic interpretation of the spin

This paper aims at studying the spin once again. The departure point is thus the Stern and Gerlach experimental results that can be described in a coherent way in the frame of quantum mechanics only. Instead, the relativistic mechanics point of view is proposed here following the work presented in a previous article about rigid body rotation. Indeed, a careful study of the horizon of this relativistic rigid body rotation appears to be invariant from any observation angle in full agreement with the spin property

Microsporidiosis in patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing monoclonal antibody associated therapy

International audienceWe present Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in four patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing prolonged monoclonal antibody therapies. Two patients suffered from inflammatory bowel disease and received anti-TNF therapies, whereas two other patients suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement and received anti-CD20 or anti-BLyS protein therapies. Three out of four patients consulted for diarrhea with abdominal pain without intestinal inflammation or bleeding at the time of sampling. The fourth patient did not declare intestinal troubles. Microsporidia genotype detected in this study were S9, C, Wildboard3 with one patient harboring 2 genotypes S6 and EBCMAP-038Management of microsporidia infection included albendazole and reduction of immunosuppression treatment, but no specific treatment was implemented in two other patients. In conclusion, microsporidia infection occurs in patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing prolonged monoclonal antibody therapies. Diagnosis should be carefully assessed in this population and a thorough benefit-risk analysis is essential prior to initiating therapeutic interventions

Superficial Conjunctival Cells from Dupilumab-Treated Patients with Atopic Dermatitis with Ocular Adverse Events Display a Transcriptomic Psoriasis Signature

International audienceDupilumab has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, a subset of patients experiences ocular adverse events (OAEs), including conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome, the pathological mechanisms of which are still unknown. In a bicentric study, we used DNA microarray analysis to compare the transcriptome of conjunctival cells of patients with atopic dermatitis collected by impression cytology before (M0) and 4 months after (M4) initiating dupilumab treatment. Thirty-six patients were included and divided in 2 groups according to their ophthalmological status at M4: 12 with OAEs (OAE+) and 24 without (OAE-). The analysis revealed 52 differentially expressed genes between OAE+ and OAE-patients at M0 and 113 at M4. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis enrichment revealed a psoriasis signature in OAE+ patients, both before and after OAE outcomes. In addition, we noticed the overexpression of several genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, particularly encoding cornified envelope components. Among the 16 differentially expressed genes selected for real-time RT-PCR validation, 9 were confirmed as upregulated at M4 in OAE+ versus OAE-patients, validating the psoriasis signature, whereas MUC7 was downregulated. In conclusion, these results suggest that a conjunctival transcriptomic profile predisposes some patients with atopic dermatitis to developing OAEs upon dupilumab treatment

Mitigating analytical variability in fMRI results with style transfer

Accepté à MIDL 2025.International audienceWe propose a novel approach to improve the reproducibility of neuroimaging results by converting statistic maps across different functional MRI pipelines. We make the assumption that pipelines used to compute fMRI statistic maps can be considered as a style component and we propose to use different generative models, among which, Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Diffusion Models (DM) to convert statistic maps across different pipelines. We explore the performance of multiple GAN frameworks, and design a new DM framework for unsupervised multi-domain styletransfer. We constrain the generation of 3D fMRI statistic maps using the latent space of an auxiliary classifier that distinguishes statistic maps from different pipelines and extend traditional sampling techniques used in DM to improve the transition performance. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods aresuccessful: pipelines can indeed be transferred as a style component, providing animportant source of data augmentation for future medical studies

Incidence and impact of other malignancies after immunochemotherapy by fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as frontline treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A single-center retrospective study.

International audienceIndividuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) have a high risk of developing other malignancies (OMs). The development of OMs may be associated with the advanced age of CLL/SLL patients, presence of a tumor-promoting microenvironment, immune alterations inherent to CLL/SLL, or chemotherapy. Importantly, the occurrence of OMs following frontline fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) treatment is associated with a reduction in the overall survival (OS). This retrospective study included 108 CLL/SLL patients treated with FCR immunochemotherapy, as a first line treatment. With a median follow-up of 94.9 (6-222) months, 31% developed an OM or more, within a median of 61.8 months post-FCR initiation. The most common OMs were non-melanoma skin cancers (7%), Richter's syndrome (RS) (7%), myelodysplastic syndromes (6%), prostate cancer (4%), and acute myeloid leukemia (3%). Patients with OMs had shorter survival compared to those without (104.0 versus 149.0 months, P=0.02), with RS having the worst OS at 4.8 months (P<0.0001), followed by therapy-related myeloid neoplasia (t-MN) at 14.5 months. Although the onset of OMs in patients with CLL/SLL was observed after considerable delays, its impact on survival is significant in the immunochemotherapy era, necessitating a better understanding of these patterns to improve CLL/SLL management and guide future treatment strategies

Prenatal Hemoglobin Concentration and Long-Term Child Neurocognitive Development

International audienceAnemia in pregnancy, defined by a hemoglobin level (Hb) of less than 110 g/L, contributes to infant mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal Hb changes physiologically and pathologically during pregnancy. However, the impact of these changes on long-term child neurocognitive function is unknown. This study therefore investigates the association between Hb at specific antenatal care visits and prenatal Hb trajectories during pregnancy and long-term child neurocognitive function. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study that included 6-year-old singleton children born to women enrolled before 29 weeks of gestation into an antimalarial drug clinical trial. Hemoglobin level was analyzed from venous blood collected at least twice during pregnancy and at delivery. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct prenatal Hb trajectories. In total, 478 children (75.1% of eligible children) had assessment of cognitive and motor functions at 6 years of age. Three distinct Hb trajectories were identified: persistently anemic (Hb <110 g/L throughout the second and third trimesters), anemic to nonanemic (Hb <110 g/L at second trimester with increasing Hb toward the third trimester to Hb ≥110 g/L), and persistently nonanemic (Hb ≥110 g/L throughout the second and third trimesters). Children of women in the persistently anemic and anemic-to-nonanemic groups had significantly lower neurocognitive scores than children of women in the persistently nonanemic group (β = −6.8, 95% CI: −11.7 to −1.8; and β = −6.3, 95% CI: −10.4 to −2.2, respectively). The study shows that maintaining an elevation of Hb at or above 110 g/L from the second to third trimester of pregnancy may be associated with optimal long-term child neurocognitive function

An easy and reproducible method for a large-zone deep partial-thickness burn model in the mini-pig

International audienceNo abstract availabl

Influence of genetic biomarkers on cardiac diseases in childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review

International audienceChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) often suffer from cardiac disease (CD) after treatment that included anthracycline and radiotherapy involving the heart. However, the variability in CD occurrence cannot be explained solely by these treatments, suggesting the existence of genetic predisposition. We conducted a systematic review searching on Medline-PubMed and Scopus, to identify studies reporting associations between genetic factors and CD in CCS. We included studies published up to 11 April 2023, with no lower limit, and assessed the quality of genetic associations by the Q-genie tool. As a result, 20 studies were included (15 case-control and five cohorts), revealing several genes and variants associated with cardiomyopathy, among which, SLC28A3 -rs7853758, RARG -rs2229774, P2RX7- rs208294 and P2RX7- rs3751143 variants gave the most consistent findings. This review highlights the necessity to establish a set of clinically useful genes and variants to identify patients most at risk of developing cardiomyopathy, and to implement monitoring and prevention strategies

Fifty Years of Deciphering Stroke Pathophysiology

International audienceIn the 2025 David G. Sherman Lecture, Jean-Claude Baron emphasizes the major role positron emission tomography (PET) played in the breakthroughs in ischemic stroke pathophysiology that took place in the last half-century and allowed major therapeutic advances. Based on his work using PET in both animal models and people with stroke spanning four decades, he details his main contributions to key milestones, including i) the demonstration of the hemodynamic consequences of chronic carotid artery occlusion, and of the hemodynamic mechanism underlying some TIAs; ii) the documentation of the existence of the ischemic penumbra in man and the formal validation, using stringent pre-specified operational criteria, of the core/penumbra model; iii) the persistence of substantial penumbral volumes up to 17 hrs after stroke onset in a substantial fraction of patients; iv) the demonstration that from very early timepoints post-stroke a good fraction of patients do not show the extensive penumbral pattern, but instead exhibit very large cores or spontaneously reperfusion, indicating the importance of individual patient selection for trials and therapy based on physiological imaging instead of time since onset; v) the documentation that the salvaged penumbra may not be intact but is often affected by selective neuronal loss, which may impact functional outcome and represent a novel target for neuroprotection; and vi) the demonstration of remote metabolic effects of disconnection resulting in loss of excitatory input, such as crossed cerebellar diaschisis and thalamo-cortical diaschisis, which may represent additional targets for therapies aiming at adaptive plasticity.</div

Intravenous thrombolysis use before inter-facility transfer for thrombectomy: Association with efficacy and safety outcomes

International audienceObjective: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) often require transfer from primary stroke centers (PSCs) to thrombectomy-capable centers. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) initiated before inter-hospital transfer.Methods: Data from 2 prospective cohorts of patients with anterior circulation LVO transferred for thrombectomy from a PSC, regardless of whether thrombectomy was eventually attempted at the endovascular-capable center, were analyzed. Efficacy outcomes included good 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] = 0-2), excellent functional outcome (mRS = 0-1), and arterial recanalization during transfer. Safety outcomes included any intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH) at 24 hours. Propensity score with overlap weighting balanced the covariates between patients treated with IVT versus those without.Results: Of 521 patients, 260 (50%) received IVT before transfer. IVT was withheld mainly due to being outside the 4.5-hour window (58%) or anticoagulant use (21%). Median age was 72 years, 55% were men, and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 15. After propensity score with overlap weighting, patients receiving IVT more frequently had good functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43-3.30, p &lt; 0.01), excellent functional outcome (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.21-3.25, p &lt; 0.01), and inter-facility recanalization (OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 2.92-10.89, p &lt; 0.01) compared with patients not treated with IVT. Any ICH (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.76-1.70) and sICH (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.36-1.51) rates were similar between groups.Interpretation: IVT before transfer was associated with improved recanalization and functional outcomes without increasing safety risks but is used in only 50% of patients. Expanding IVT criteria, including treatment beyond 4.5 hours and in anticoagulated patients, should be explored. ANN NEUROL 2025