Medicine Infected by Politics: The American Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934

This article discusses the impact that politics and social beliefs have on the humanitarian goals of medicine, using the American occupation of Haiti (1915-1934) as a backdrop. First, the article explains how the United States intervened in Haiti in order to maintain its political hegemony in the Caribbean, develop Haiti as a new market for American investors, and civilize the supposedly backwards Haiti. Previously, historians have recognized the important role that medicine played during the occupation, but this article highlights how U.S. political, economic, and cultural motives distorted the practice of medicine in Haiti. For instance, from 1915-1922, the Americans established martial law and sought to eliminate resistance against the U.S. presence in Haiti. American brutality in these early years led to the selective practice of medicine, as the Americans only treated Haitian patients when it served to protect the health of U.S. Marines or pacify the Haitian populace. Thus, under the military, medicine\u27s goals morphed from patient health and well-being to order and control via health. Following the reorganization of the occupation, medicine sought to justify the continuation of U.S. control over Haiti. The widespread treatment of Haitian diseases served as wonderful propaganda for the Americans, but in reality, the aims of medicine were to confer the benefits of civilization upon Haiti and revitalize the nation\u27s economy via a healthy workforce. Thus, this article demonstrates the susceptibility of medicine to political and social aims

One Rule of Law Project in Post-Soviet Russia

One Rule of Law Project in Post-Soviet Russia is published as Chapter 9 of the book At Home Abroad: Friendship First - A Look at Rule of Law Projects and Other International Insights, (ed. Joseph Nadeau, New York: Austin Macauley Publishers LLC, 2019). This book provides personal insights into an international cooperative effort to promote the rule of law in emerging democracies around the world. Professor Scherr\u27s chapter examines the cultural context within a study of the rule-of-law project that was conducted between 1999 and 2004 in Vologda, Russia

Brief for Professor Albert E. Scherr as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioner

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT Professor Scherr agrees with petitioner that review is warranted because the Maryland Court of Appeals decision is erroneous. The Fourth Amendment does not sanction police harvesting of DNA without probable cause and a warrant and without the subject’s knowledge or consent, to be used however the authorities deem appropriate and without restriction. The Maryland Court of Appeals’ decision is contrary to the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence as articulated in the Riley v. California – Maryland v. King – United States v. Jones trilogy. This case fits squarely in the center of the triangle formed by that trilogy. The petition should be accepted to remedy this conflict at the intersection of this Court’s jurisprudence on the newest forensic technology and the Fourth Amendment. Professor Scherr also agrees with the petitioner that this Court should accept this petition to resolve a conflict between a Federal Court of Appeals and a state court of appeals. In United States v. Davis, 690 F.3d 226 (4th Cir. 2012), the Fourth Circuit found that the police implicated the suspect’s Fourth Amendment privacy interest when it sought to obtain a DNA profile from his blood found on clothing it held legally. In this case the Maryland Court of Appeals found the opposite. As surreptitious harvesting cases continue to enter the criminal justice system, it is an opportune time for this Court to resolve this conflict and offer guidance to state and federal courts

Soil degradation: a threat to developing-country food security by 2020?

Global population in the year 2020 will be a third higher than in 1995, but demand for food and fiber will rise by an even higher proportion, as incomes grow, diets diversify, and urbanization accelerates. However this demand is met, population and farming pressure on land resources will intensify greatly. There is growing concern in some quarters that a decline in long-term soil productivity is already seriously limiting food production in the developing world, and that the problem is getting worse. Sarah Sherr first focuses on the magnitude and effects of soil degradation. She then addresses soil degradation in the future and ends her brief with policy and research priorities.Soil degradation Developing countries., Food security Developing countries.,

Complex Actions for Event Processing

Automatic reactions triggered by complex events have been deployed with great success in particular domains, among others, in algorithmic trading, the automatic reaction to realtime analysis of marked data. However, to date, reactions in complex event processing systems are often still limited to mere modifications of internal databases or are realized by means similar to remote procedure calls. In this paper, we argue that expressive complex actions with support for composite work ows and integration of so called external actions are desirable for a wide range of real-world applications among other emergency management. This article investigates the particularities of external actions needed in emergency management, which are initiated inside the event processing system but which are actually executed by external actuators, and discuss the implications of these particularities on composite actions. Based on these observations, we propose versatile complex actions with temporal dependencies and a seamless integration of complex events and external actions. This article also investigates how the proposed integrated approach towards complex events and complex actions can be evaluated based on simple reactive rules. Finally, it is shown how complex actions can be deployed for a complex event processing system devoted to emergency management

Some first-order perturbation energy values

First order perturbation energy value