Tensions between inclusion and change in worldview education: can Joe F. Kincheloe’s bricolage help teachers navigate them?

This is the final version. Available on open access from Routledge via the DOI in this record. This paper delineates tensions that arguably are inherent to integrative Worldview Education in plural societies, due to the subject’s dual commitment to imperatives of inclusion and change. The imperative of inclusion stems from the subject’s mandate to integrate the whole plurality of pupils in society, whereas the imperative of change stems from the subject’s mandate to promote certain aims and values over others. The task of handling such tensions can be daunting, and teachers need resources that enable them to do so. The main aim of this paper is thus to provide a critical examination of the metaphor of bricolage, as it was conceptualised by Joe L. Kincheloe, in search of such resources. The examination points to the following chain of argument: (1) Kincheloe’s bricolage contains its own tensions between inclusion and change, due to its application of multiple methods, methodologies, and perspectives, combined with a desire to promote social change. (2) There is a strong overlap between the two sets of tensions. (3) Teachers should be aware of the distinct political and philosophical underpinnings of Kincheloe’s bricolage, and how these can create new tensions, possibly productive ones, if teaching and learning in Worldview Education is framed as bricolage work

Do people who experience more nature act more to protect it? A meta-analysis

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record Data availability: The data used in this study can be found in Table S1.Addressing the global environmental problems facing our planet requires a significant shift in human behaviour. Personal experiences with nature are suggested to be a key driver of pro-environmental behaviour. However, the validity of this idea is uncertain. Using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we show that direct experiences of nature are positively associated with a wide range of positive actions towards the natural environment, including recycling, energy conservation, green purchasing, and participating in conservation volunteering. Nature experiences were more strongly linked to ‘pro-biodiversity’ behaviours (actions that specifically focussed on wildlife and habitat conservation) than other general pro-environmental behaviours, although the difference was statistically marginal. There was no difference in the strength of the association with pro-environmental behaviour between nature experiences during childhood and those during other times in life. Adjustment for publication bias did not produce significantly different results. While highlighting a need for experimental or longitudinal study designs in this area, our results suggest that enhancing people's engagement with nature can be a valuable strategy for promoting behaviour change that helps address global environmental issues.Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceToyota FoundationResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC

Dynamic calcium-mediated stress response and recovery signatures in the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans

This is the final version. Available on open access from the American Society for Microbiology via the DOI in this recordIntracellular calcium signaling plays an important role in the resistance and adaptation to stresses encountered by fungal pathogens within the host. This study reports the optimization of the GCaMP fluorescent calcium reporter for live-cell imaging of dynamic calcium responses in single cells of the pathogen, Candida albicans, for the first time. Exposure to membrane, osmotic or oxidative stress generated both specific changes in single cell intracellular calcium spiking and longer calcium transients across the population. Repeated treatments showed that calcium dynamics become unaffected by some stresses but not others, consistent with known cell adaptation mechanisms. By expressing GCaMP in mutant strains and tracking the viability of individual cells over time, the relative contributions of key signaling pathways to calcium flux, stress adaptation, and cell death were demonstrated. This reporter, therefore, permits the study of calcium dynamics, homeostasis, and signaling in C. albicans at a previously unattainable level of detail.Wellcome TrustUniversity of ExeterRoyal SocietyMedical Research Council (MRC)European CommissionNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR

The Effects of Fatigue on Manual Dexterity

Humans are uniquely adept at manipulating objects in their environment. Our ability to use our hands for dextrous skilled movements is unique in the animal kingdom and fundamental for us to successfully perform a myriad of everyday tasks. Even a seemingly simple task such as turning off an alarm clock is the result of a complex and dynamic interplay of sensory, cognitive, and physiological processes. Dextrous behaviours in young, healthy adults are well-characterised, but research has so far failed to establish how fatigue affects manual dexterity in this population. In this thesis, a series of studies was performed with the aim of revealing insights into how mental and neuromuscular fatigue affect the sensorimotor system in the context of dextrous actions. Three studies explored and critically examined existing paradigms for inducing mental fatigue, which were found to have numerous limitations. To address these limitations, study four validated a novel method to induce mental fatigue using a combination of subjective and behavioural measures. This novel method was then used in study five to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on a battery of dexterity tasks. The outcomes from this study indicated that mental fatigue has specific effects on dextrous behaviour which appear to be mediated through cognitive processes. Study six examined participants’ performance in the same three dexterity tasks after undergoing a neuromuscular fatigue intervention. Like study five, study six also found task-specific effects on dextrous behaviour, with the perceptual effects of neuromuscular fatigue appearing to have particular importance. Together, these studies show that the sensorimotor processes underlying manual dexterity are affected in specific ways by fatigue and that these effects are highly dependent on the origin of that fatigue. These novel findings extend prior research and provide a foundation for future research into how different types of fatigue could meaningfully impact the outcomes of dextrous tasks

Comorbid health conditions and their impact on social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being in people with dementia: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL programme

This is the final version. Available from BMC via the DOI in this record. Availability of data and materials: IDEAL data were deposited with the UK Data Archive in April 2020. Details of how to access the data can be found here: https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/854293/.Background: Most people with dementia have multiple health conditions. This study explores (1) number and type of health condition(s) in people with dementia overall and in relation to age, sex, dementia type, and cognition; (2) change in number of health conditions over two years; and (3) whether over time the number of health conditions at baseline is related to social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and/or well-being. Methods: Longitudinal data from the IDEAL (Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life) cohort were used. Participants comprised people with dementia (n=1490) living in the community (at baseline) in Great Britain. Health conditions using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, cognition, social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being were assessed over two years. Mixed efects modelling was used. Results: On average participants had 1.8 health conditions at baseline, excluding dementia; increasing to 2.5 conditions over two years. Those with vascular dementia or mixed (Alzheimer’s and vascular) dementia had more health conditions than those with Alzheimer’s disease. People aged≥80 had more health conditions than those aged<65 years. At baseline having more health conditions was associated with increased loneliness, poorer quality of life, and poorer well-being, but was either minimally or not associated with cognition, sex, and social isolation. Number of health conditions had either minimal or no infuence on these variables over time. Conclusions: People with dementia in IDEAL generally had multiple health conditions and those with more health conditions were lonelier, had poorer quality of life, and poorer well-being.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR

Predatory publishing in medical education: a rapid scoping review

This is the final version. Available from BMC via the DOI in this record. Data availability: All data pertaining to this study is presented within the manuscript.Background: Academic publishing is a cornerstone of scholarly communications, yet is unfortunately open to abuse, having given rise to ‘predatory publishers’– groups that employ aggressive marketing tactics, are deficient in methods and ethics, and bypass peer review. Preventing these predatory publishers from infiltrating scholarly activity is of high importance, and students must be trained in this area to increase awareness and reduce use. The scope of this issue in the context of medical students remains unknown, and therefore this sought to examine the breadth of the current literature base. Methods: A rapid scoping review was undertaken, adhering to adapted PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (ASSIA, EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched for content related to predatory publishing and medical students. Results were single-screened, facilitated by online reviewing software. Resultant data were narratively described, with common themes identified. Results: After searching and screening, five studies were included, representing a total of 1338 students. Two predominant themes– understanding, and utilisation– of predatory publishers was identified. These themes revealed that medical students were broadly unaware of the issue of predatory publishing, and that a small number have already, or would consider, using their services. Conclusion: There remains a lack of understanding of the threat that predatory publishers pose amongst medical students. Future research and education in this domain will be required to focus on informing medical students on the issue, and the implication of engaging with predatory publishers

Transformative (Bio)technologies in Knowledge Societies: Of Patents and Intellectual Commons

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this recordIt is no longer a science fiction tale. The 21st century saw its first lab-grown beef burger being cooked and eaten at a live press conference in London, making the harvest of animal meat for human consumption without actually killing animals a reality. Transformative biotechnologies, like cell-cultivation, are redefining fundamental elements of our life, and these innovations promise to change the way we perceive, behave and eat in the future. Lab-grown, cell-based or “cultured meat” is now available for consumption in selected outlets in Singapore, and is estimated to become widely available for sale directly to consumers imminently. If its projections realise, the multitrillion global meat market is on the verge of a disruption unlike anything seen in times past, with cultured meat potentially displaying far-reaching effects on climate change, food security and animal welfare. This chapter begins from the proposition that we currently lack an integrated understanding of the nature, causes and implications of regulatory shifts that appropriately deal with transformative biotechnologies in knowledge societies. With the aim of gaining a better understanding of ‘knowledge society’ epistemologies, this chapter explores the role of patents in cellular agriculture, a field of enquiry that uses cell-cultivation technology, as a case study to elucidate the extent to which IP rights can be deployed to generate optimal public welfare. Through a public interest lens, it also seeks to understand whether growing calls for open science can be aligned with the needs of a flourishing innovation ecosystem. If legal systems have the ability to create parameters that will determine whether and to what extent societal change will happen, it stands to reason that the effectiveness of these legal systems will be directly correlated to the level of granularity with which they mirror social realities. In the same vein, the value of a patent, for example, will be determined by its terms of protection. Combining theoretical and doctrinal legal approaches along with insights from political and economic theories on regulation and governance, this chapter looks at some of the legal questions to illuminate how governments, regulators and stakeholders balance and meet the demands of pressing social challenges, such as climate change and food insecurity, with the benefits of transformative biotechnologies to create an intellectual commons. More specifically, this chapter argues that, in order to avoid ‘a tragedy of the intellectual commons’, intellectual property rights (IPR) demand to be governed by agile, responsive regulatory approaches. It does so by engaging with legal interpretations of terms of protection for patents, against a backdrop of rapidly evolving (bio)technologies that continue to test the resilience of current legal frameworks. It will also deliberate whether, as a result, IPR calibration with current public policy imperatives has gained renewed importance to ensure continued rewards for intellectual creation while promoting social progress

"They had clothes on their back and they had food in their stomach, but they didn't have me": The contribution of parental mental health problems, substance use, and domestic violence and abuse on young people and parents.

This is the final version. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. Data availability: The data that has been used is confidential.BACKGROUND: The parental risk factors of mental health problems, substance use, and domestic violence and abuse each individually negatively impacts children's health and developmental outcomes. Few studies have considered the lived experience and support needs of parents and children in the real-world situation where these common risks cluster. OBJECTIVE: This study explores parents' and young people's lived experiences of the clustering of parental mental health problems, parental substance use, and domestic violence and abuse. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 mothers, 6 fathers, and 7 young people with experiences of these parental risk factors. Transcribed interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were developed, 1) cumulative adversity, 2) the impact of syndemic risk, 3) families navigating risk, and 4) family support. Parents and young people described family situations of stress wherein they experienced cumulative impact of multiple parental risk factors. Parents sought to navigate stressors and parent in positive ways under challenging conditions, often impeded by their own childhood trauma and diminished confidence. Parents and young people spoke of the need for, and benefits of having, support; both as a family and as individuals, to successfully address this trio of parental risks and the related impact. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the high level of stress families experience and the efforts they go to mitigate risk. Services and interventions need to reflect the complexity of multiple needs and consider both the whole family and individuals when providing support.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

The presence of laws and mandates is associated with increased social norm enforcement

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData availability: I have made my data available in OSF and in the paper the link to this data is sharedPolicy makers often implement laws or mandates to attempt to change people’s behavior. Such policies act not only as deterrents, but also as societal signposts for what is considered morally right and wrong within a society. In this paper we argue that the presence of laws and mandates may be associated with citizens’ inclination to engage in social norm enforcement within their own network. We studied this using four different datasets in different settings (text-and-drive laws, influenza vaccination mandates, speed limit laws, and COVID-19 mask mandates), in three different countries (total N = 3,156). In all datasets, we found associations between mandates or laws and the inclination to socially confront norm violators. This is in line with our theorizing that mandates and laws may help to increase citizens’ inclination to engage in social norm enforcement, and to foster interpersonal policing of behavior, inviting future research to establish more direct causal conclusions in this regard

The increasing importance of satellite observations to assess the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData availability Data will be made available on request.The strong control that the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have over Earth's climate identifies the need for accurate quantification of the emitted CO2 and its redistribution within the Earth system. The ocean annually absorbs more than a quarter of all CO2 emissions and this absorption is fundamentally altering the ocean chemistry. The ocean thus provides a fundamental component and powerful constraint within global carbon assessments used to guide policy action for reducing emissions. These carbon assessments rely heavily on satellite observations, but their inclusion is often invisible or opaque to policy. One reason is that satellite observations are rarely used exclusively, but often in conjunction with other types of observations, thereby complementing and expanding their usability yet losing their visibility. This exploitation of satellite observations led by the satellite and ocean carbon scientific communities is based on exciting developments in satellite science that have broadened the suite of environmental data that can now reliably be observed from space. However, the full potential of satellite observations to expand the scientific knowledge on critical processes such as the atmosphere-ocean exchange of CO2 and ocean acidification, including its impact on ocean health, remains largely unexplored. There is clear potential to begin using these observation-based approaches for directly guiding ocean management and conservation decisions, in particular in regions where in situ data collection is more difficult, and interest in them is growing within the environmental policy communities. We review these developments, identify new opportunities and scientific priorities, and identify that the formation of an international advisory group could accelerate policy relevant advancements within both the ocean carbon and satellite communities. Some barriers to understanding exist but these should not stop the exploitation and the full visibility of satellite observations to policy makers and users, so these observations can fulfil their full potential and recognition for supporting society.European Space Agenc