Morphologic studies of bone marrow cells exposed to the phospholipid fraction from the liver of irradiated animal, an experiment in vitro

With the purpose of revealing the biological effects of the X-ray irradiation the authors extracted phospholipids from the liver of irradiated animals and proved that this substance has the action to inhibit the growth of the bone marrow cells, the motility of pseudo-eosinophilis and the erythropoiesis in tissue culture, suggesting that the injury will mainly be induced by the toxic substances produced by irradiation.</p

Influences of Toxins of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and Escherichia Coli on Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture Part. 1. Influences of toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B and E. coli on the bone-marrow tissue culture of rabbits and human -by cover-slip method and culture in fluid medium-

By loading toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and E. coli to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits as well as loading toxins of E. coli and S. typhi to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal persons, the author studied the influences of these toxins on the tissue growth; and also by adding the toxins of the same bacilli to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits in fluid medium, pursued the influences on the increasing rate of erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content. Further, by loading the serum of patient with typhoid fever to th bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits the author observed the influences of the serum on the tissue growth, and obtained the following results. 1. The toxins of S. typhi and S. paratyphi A and B both possess the action inhibiting the leucopoetic functions of the rabbit bone marrow to the greatest degree, while the toxin of E. coli shows hardly any effect. Moreover, the influences of the toxins of S. typhi and E. coli on the bone-marrow tissue of normal persons are exactly identical with those against the bone marrow of normal rabbits. From these results it is assumed that a direct action of the toxins of S. typhi disturbing the bone-marrow functions plays an important role in causing the leukopenia in typhoid fever. 2. It has been recognized that in the serum of the serum of the patient with typhoid fever there exist factors that directly inhibit the growth of the normal rabbit bone marrow tissue. 3. The direct action of these toxins on the erythrocytes and hemoglobin content in the normal rabbit bone marrow is not so significant. Therefore, the iron-retention in the reticuloendothelial system and another secondary reaction, which are the commonly accepted theory, seem to play a leading role for the anemia in typhoid fever

Influences of Toxins of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and Escherichia Coli on Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture Part 2. Influences of toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and E. coli on pseudoeosinophils in the rabbit bone marrow and on neutrophils in the human bone marrow -the wandering velocity, carbon-particle phagocytosis, and vital staining-

By loading toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and E. coli to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits the author observed the influences of these toxins on the wandering velocity, carbonparticle phagocytosis, and vital staining by neutral red, and next by loading toxins of S. typhi and E. coli to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal persons studied the influences on the wandering velocity of neutrophils; and still further by adding the serum of the patient with typhoid fever to the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits pursued the influences on the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils; and obtained the following results. 1. The inhibitory action of these toxins on the wandering and carbon-particle phagocytosis decreases in the order of that of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B, and the toxin of E. coli has hardly any such action. In addition, each of these toxins at a certain concentration accelerates the carbon-particle phagocytosis. 2. There can be recognized no difference between the action of toxins of S. typhi and E. coli on the wandering velocity of the neutrophils in the bone marrow of normal persons and the same on the wandering velocity of the pseudoeosinophils in the bone marrow of normal rabbits. 3. The influences exerted on the vital staining of the pseudoeosinophils in the bone marrow of normal rabbits are exactly identical with those on the carbon-particle phagocytosis and the wanderirg velocity, and the intensity of inhibitory action of these toxins on the cell functions decreases in the order of S. paratyphi A, B, and E. coli. 4. From these it has been clarified that the toxin of S. typhi acts directly on the bone marrow and disturbs the cell function of neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils; and likewise the toxin of S. paratyphi A and B impairs these functions to the degree next to that of S. typhi; whereas the toxin of E. coli has hardly no such inhibitory action. 5. In the serum of the patient with typhoid fever there can be recognized a factor that inhibits the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils in the bone marrow of normal rabbits

Influences of Toxins of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and Escherichia Coli on Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture Part 3. Influences of toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and E. coli on the megakaryocyte functions of the guinea-pig bone marrow

By the addition of toxins of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and E coli to the bone-marrow tissue culture of guinea pigs the author pursued the influences of these toxins on the functions of megakaryocytes, and obtained the following results. In the case of the toxins of S. typhi and S. typhi and S. paratypbi A, the appearance of vigorous platelet separation is markedly limited, indicating a marked decrease in the megakaryocyte functions of the bone marrow loaded with these toxins. On the other hand, in the case of addition of the toxin of S. paratyphi B the decrease in the megakaryocyte function is slight, whereas the toxin of E. coli brings about no fall in the megakaryocyte function but rather accelerates it slightly. From these findings it is believed that direct inhibitory action of these toxins on the megakaryocytes constitutes one of the important factors in the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in typhoid fever

Epidemiologic and Symptomatologic Observations on the Gastric Cancer Patients (Hospitalized Patients, 1945-1956 and Outpatients, 1954-1955)

Conceding that a great progress of cancer researches is opening up a new phase in the treatment of cancers and realizing an early operation is at the present a sole approach to the gastric-cancer therapy, an early diagnosis seems to be the most important, daily clinical problem we have to face. In view of this we have attempted to grasp the true nature of gastric-cancer patients by a series of epidemiologic and symptomatologic observations statistically on the hospitalized patients during the past 12 years, and outpatients for the past 2 years of our clinic. From our observations we find that the most likely ages of the onset of cancers range from 50 to 60, and that the gastric cancer developing at an early age is found more predominantlyin female. Moreover, in the farm districts, the proportion of female patients far surpasses that of any other occupation. Of all the cancer cases treated during the 12-year periods, the gastric cancer occupied 45 per cent. Of all the outpatients during the two-year periods, 27.8 per cent proved to be suffering from digestive organs; and the gastric cancer cases occupied 5.7 per cent of the latter. Now, it is impossible, simply by its symptoms, to differentiate the gastric cancer from such diseases as the gastric and the duodenal ulcers, and gastritis; as the symptom and chief complaint of the patients at its onset are epigastric pain, the foremost, followed by feeling of full and tension in the epigastrium, and eructation and heart burn, and since all of these have practically no distinguishable difference from those of the latter. Of the total patients, the cases impossible of operation reached as high as 39 per cent while those being operated on but ending only in laparotomy proved to be 15 per cent, and the ones on whom the gastric resection had proved a success were merely 8.8 per cent. It is, moreover, interesting to note that despite as high as 75.8 per cent of the cases having palpable abdominal tumors at the time of admission, the ones whose Virchow's gland and other lymphatic glands had been palpable were extremely little: no more than 0.6 per cent. The occult blood reaction of stool was positive in 71 per cent, and 18 per cent of gastric cancer patients were of either normal or hyper acidity; and 61 per cent of the total had abnormal defecation (constipation, diarrhea, etc.). As for complications, helminthiasis is predominant (30%). This fact is worthy of an attention, for symptoms resulting from helminth's attacks often obscure those of gastric cancer. Reviewing the statistical data so far mentioned, we realize keenly how little early diagnosis of gastric cancer is being carried out and how difficult it is to carry this out; at the same time we have learned, on the other hand, how essential and beneficial it is to grasp epidemiologic and symptomatologic problems for its diagnosis