Strict Solution Method for Linear Programming Problem with Ellipsoidal Distributions under Fuzziness

This paper considers a linear programming problem with ellipsoidal distributions including fuzziness. Since this problem is not well-defined due to randomness and fuzziness, it is hard to solve it directly. Therefore, introducing chance constraints, fuzzy goals and possibility measures, the proposed model is transformed into the deterministic equivalent problems. Furthermore, since it is difficult to solve the main problem analytically and efficiently due to nonlinear programming, the solution method is constructed introducing an appropriate parameter and performing the equivalent transformations

Fermionic zeromodes in heterotic fivebrane backgrounds

We investigate the explicit form of the fermionic zeromodes in heterotic fivebrane backgrounds. By explicitly solving the fermionic field equations in fivebrane backgrounds, two normalizable and physical fermionic zeromodes are obtained. Each of these zeromodes has a non-vanishing gravitino component. We suggest a possible scenario of the gravitino pair condensation.Comment: 9 page

D3-brane from D-instantons in the hybrid formalism of superstring

A Dp-brane can be regarded as a configuration of infinitely many D(p-2k)-branes in bosonic string. We will show this property of D-branes in the superstring case using the hybrid formalism. It is convenient to study the boundary state for such D-branes to study such property between D-branes. We show that the boundary state for a D3-brane in a constant self-dual gauge field background can be expressed in terms of the boundary state for D-instantons in the hybrid formalism.Comment: 10 pages, minor corrections, reference adde

Theory of the waterfall phenomenon in cuprate superconductors

Based on exact diagonalization and variational cluster approximation calculations we study the relationship between charge transfer models and the corresponding single band Hubbard models. We present an explanation for the waterfall phenomenon observed in angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on cuprate superconductors. The phenomenon is due to the destructive interference between the phases of the O2p orbitals belonging to a given Zhang-Rice singlet and the Bloch phases of the photohole which occurs in certain regions of k-space. It therefore may be viewed as a direct experimental visualisation of the Zhang-Rice construction of an effective single band model for the CuO2 plane.Comment: 11 pages, 9 Postscript figure

Intermolecular-medium and intramolecular-weak hydrogen bonding chains in the crystals of chiral trifluoromethylated amino alcohols

A structural feature of hydrogen bonding chains found in the crystals of trifluoromethylated amino alcohols is reported. Hydrogen bondings of 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanols construct chiral spiral hydrogen bonding chains. Lone pairs on the nitrogen atoms of the amino alcohols participate in two hydrogen bondings. Detailed structural analysis of the hydrogen bonds of the 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol suggested that the chain built up with alternating intermolecular medium and intramolecular weak hydrogen bonds. The medium intermolecular hydrogen bond, which transfers a proton from the hydroxy group to the amino nitrogen, would make a tentative zwitterionic form of the molecule. Then, electrostatic attraction between the charges in the zwitterion centers induced a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond.</p

X-Ray Observations of the W51 Complex with Suzaku

We present a detailed analysis of the X-ray emission from the middle-aged supernova remnant W51C and star-forming region W51B with Suzaku. The soft X-ray emission from W51C is well represented by an optically thin thermal plasma in the non-equilibrium ionization state with a temperature of $\sim$0.7 keV. The elemental abundance of Mg is significantly higher than the solar value. We find no significant feature of an over-ionized plasma in W51C. The hard X-ray emission is spatially coincident with the molecular clouds associated with W51B, overlapping with W51C. The spectrum is represented by an optically thin thermal plasma with a temperature of $\sim$5 keV or a powerlaw model with a photon index of $\sim$2.2. The emission probably has diffuse nature since its luminosity of 1$\times10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the 0.5-10 keV band cannot be explained by the emission from point sources in this region. We discuss the possibility that the hard X-ray emission comes from stellar winds of OB stars in W51B or accelerated particles in W51C.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Topichood of the Philippine topic Revisited from a cross－linguistic perspective

This paper reexamines the nature of the so－called topic in Philippine languages, specifically its topichood in Tagalog, from a cross－linguistic perspective by comparing it with that of prototypical topic in other languages such as Japanese. The study reveals that its topichood is remarkable in its non-occurrence rather than its occurrence in sentences. It is also shown that although it exhibits similarities with prototypical topic in discourse in terms of its actor-orientedness, they also exhibit significant differences. I argue that one of the difficulties in identifying the nature of the Philippine topic lies in the fact that its choice is made by the interaction ofits sentential and discourse topicality itself with an independent grammatical characteristics that penetrates into the grammar of Philippine languages in general, i.e. patient-orientedness, and the relational balance between these factors can be different depending on transitivity of verbs and the degree of grammaticalization among different Philippine languages

Recent topics in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic bone formation in skeletal muscle tissue. Patients with FOP show malformed digits, osteochondroma, and other skeletal abnormalities due to abnormal patterning during development. Heterozygous mutations in the Activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) gene, which encodes the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ALK2, have been identified in not only typical FOP patients but also patients with unusually mild or severe clinical features. The serine/threonine kinase activity of ALK2 may be constitutively activated by mutations in the GS domain or the kinase domain. Based on these findings, selective small chemical inhibitors and allele-specific RNAi approaches for mutant ALK2 have been developed for preventing heterotopic bone formation in FOP. Other novel treatments have also been reported to block heterotopic bone formation in patients with FOP. These findings open the door to the next step in FOP treatment and related research

A Macroeconomic Approach to a Firm\u27s Capital Structure

In this paper, I investigate the logic behind cross sectional dispersion of firm\u27s capital structure. I incorporate the trade off between tax benefits and financial distress costs into a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and their endogenous entry/exit, and compute an equilibrium firm distribution. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, I find that the equilibrium distribution approximates the dispersion of firms\u27 capital structure well. Second, I find that it simultaneously accounts for the relationship of capital structure to profitability \textit{and} firm size. The key mechanisms are the difference in responses to persistent and transitory productivity shocks and economies of scale. Third, I find through counterfactual experiments that even if the tax benefits do not exist, firms would not significantly change their capital structure in contrast to previous works. The intuition is that, with firm\u27s entry/exit, young firms always exist and use debt until they accumulate internal funding