Strict local martingales and bubbles

This paper deals with asset price bubbles modeled by strict local martingales. With any strict local martingale, one can associate a new measure, which is studied in detail in the first part of the paper. In the second part, we determine the "default term" apparent in risk-neutral option prices if the underlying stock exhibits a bubble modeled by a strict local martingale. Results for certain path dependent options and last passage time formulas are given.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1037 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Re-WIND: St. Louis, MO

Business Concept Mission: Create new woven sweaters out of yarns made from recycled and recapture materials. Vision: Re-WIND is dedicated to providing quality fashion that helps reduce clothing waste. We seek to create greater awareness of the environmental impact of fashion and to create new uses for recycled textile materials.https://griffinshare.fontbonne.edu/fas-494-2020/1001/thumbnail.jp

Function of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler Mi-2 in the regulation of ecdysone dependent genes in Drosophila melanogaster

The development of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by the steroid hormone ecdysone. Ecdysone is released at the onset of metamorphosis and initiates a cascade of transcriptional events. First, it leads to the heterodimerisation of the Ecdysone receptor (EcR) with its binding partner ultraspiracle. This complex recruits the transcription machinery to ecdysone inducible genes and thereby initiates transcription of genes that contribute to pupariation and metamorphosis. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers regulate transcription by altering DNA accessibility and often reside in multimeric protein complexes. Mi-2 is a member of the CHD family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and can function both as co-repressor and co-activator in transcription regulation. The results described in this thesis investigate the function of the chromatin remodeler Mi-2 in the regulation of ecdysone dependent genes. Further, they provide a model by which Mi-2 is targeted to and influences transcription of ecdysone dependent genes. In the first part of this thesis, genome-wide Mi-2 binding sites were mapped by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA-Sequencing (ChIPSeq) in untreated and ecdysone treated Drosophila S2 cells. This led to the identification of 103 Mi-2 binding sites that show increased binding of Mi-2 upon hormonal stimulation. Further analyses showed that a significant proportion of these binding sites resides in the close proximity of ecdysone inducible genes, implicating that Mi-2 functions in the regulation of these loci. Six ecdysone induced Mi-2 binding sites at two ecdysone dependent genes, the vrille and the broad loci were investigated in more detail. Here, depletion of Mi-2 resulted in a strong increase in expression of these genes in untreated and ecdysone treated cells. However, depletion of a different ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler, Iswi, did not result in derepression of broad and vrille, indicating that Mi-2 function is specific at the broad and vrille genes. In the second part of this thesis, interaction studies revealed that Mi-2 can bind to EcR. This interaction was found to be independent of the hormone ecdysone. Further, the interaction between Mi-2 and EcR was mapped to the ATPase domain of Mi-2. These results demonstrated the first described interaction between the catalytic domain of Mi-2 and a nuclear receptor. In addition, the activation function 2 (AF2 domain) of EcR was found to be important for the interaction with Mi-2. The finding that Mi-2 and EcR can physically interact led to the hypothesis that EcR can recruit Mi-2 to specific sites in the genome. Indeed, a significant overlap between EcR and Mi-2 binding sites was found in both untreated and ecdysone treated cells. In agreement with this hypothesis, depletion of EcR led to decreased ecdysone induced Mi-2 recruitment to the vrille and broad genes. These findings established a new recruitment model for Mi-2 by EcR to chromatin. Finally, Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) mapping demonstrated that Mi-2 functions at the vrille gene by maintaining a closed chromatin structure at this locus. Here, depletion of Mi-2 resulted in a more open chromatin structure, which correlated with an increase in expression of vrille

A generalization of Connor's inequality to t-designs with automorphisms

AbstractIn this paper the incidence algebra for t-designs with automorphisms and the fundamental theorem discovered in [4] are exploited to obtain a generalization of Connor's inequality

Estimation of the control parameter from symbolic sequences: Unimodal maps with variable critical point

The work described in this paper can be interpreted as an application of the order patterns of symbolic dynamics when dealing with unimodal maps. Specifically, it is shown how Gray codes can be used to estimate the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the order patterns of parametric unimodal maps. Furthermore, these PDFs depend on the value of the parameter, what eventually provides a handle to estimate the parameter value from symbolic sequences (in form of Gray codes), even when the critical point depends on the parameter.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figure

The Interaction Between Endogenous Cortisol and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Predicts Implicit Cognitive Bias in Young Women

Both animal and human studies suggest that cognitive bias toward negative information, such as that observed in major depression, may arise through the interaction of cortisol (CORT) and norepinephrine (NE) within the amygdala. To date, there is no published account of the relationship between endogenous NE and CORT levels and cognitive bias. The present study examined salivary CORT and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), an indirect measure of NE, in relation to masked affective priming of words in young female participants. Women with higher salivary CORT showed increased priming to negative word pairs only when sAA was also high; when sAA was low, no effect of CORT on priming was observed. These results are in line with previous research indicating that increased CORT is linked to enhanced processing of negative information. However, our findings extend this literature in providing evidence that CORT predicts enhanced processing of negatively valenced information only in the presence of higher sAA

On (3, k) Ramsey graphs: Theoretical and computational results

A (3,k,n,e) Ramsey graph is a triangle-free graph on n vertices with e edges and no independent set of size k. Similarly, a (3,k)-, (3,k,n)- or (3,k,n,e)-graph is a (3,k,n,e) Ramsey graph for some nand e. In the first part of the paper we derive an explicit formula for the minimum number of edges in any (3,k,n)graph for n ≤ 3(k-I), i.e. a partial formula for the function e(3,k,n) investigated in [3,5,7]. We prove some general properties of minimum (3,k,n)- graphs with e(3,k,n) edges and present a construction of minimum (3,k+I,3k-I,5k-5)-graphs for k ≥ 2 and minimum (3,k+1,3k,5k)-graphs for k ≥ 4. In the second part of the paper we describe a catalogue of small Ramsey graphs: all (3,k)-graphs for k ~6 and some (3,7)-graphs including all 191 (3,7,22)-graphs, produced by a computer. We present for k ≤ 7 all minimum (3,k,n)-graphs and all 10 maximum (3,7,22)-graphs with 66 edges. *Please refer to full-text for correct equations and numerical value