Developing higher order thinking in medical education through reflective learning and research

Reflection in education is not a new concept for as Meiklejohn (1882) enthused, ‘learning is a social act.’ Dewey (1933), a key twentieth century instigator of the concept of reflection, expanded upon the ideas of earlier educators including Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Lao Tzu, Solomon, and Buddha (Houston, 1988). The preferred reflective model of Perioperative Critical Care pathway students at the University of Bedfordshire has been Reflection-for-Learning. This student-centred model of reflection was developed for their use to meet student identified needs

How a Randall-Sundrum Brane-World Effective Potential Influences Inflation Physics

In string theory, even when there are ten to the thousand power vacuum states, does inflation produce overwhelmingly one preferred type of vacuum state? We respond affirmatively to questions whether existence of graviton production is confirmable using present detector methodology. We use an explcity Randall-Sundrum brane world effective potential as congruent with an inflationary quadratic potential start. This occurs after the Bogomolnyi inequality eliminates the need for the ad hoc assumption of axion wall mass high temperature related dissapearance. Graviton production has explicit links with a five-dimensional brane-world negavit cosmological constant and a four dimensional positive valued cosmological constant, whose temperature dependence permits an early universe graviton production activyt burst. We show how di quarks, wave functions, and various geometrical forms tien into the WHeeler-De Witt equation. This permits investigating a discrete quantum bounce and a possible link to the initial phase of the present universe's evolution as a converse to a prior universe's collapse to the bounce point-the initial starting point to inflationary expansion. This opens a possibility of realstically investigating gravitons as part of a space propusion systme and deal iwth problems resulting from a beam of gravity waves, which would create a g-force because the geodestic structure is near field. It can be applied to existing and to new space propulsion concepts.Comment: 12 pages, 0 figures. AIP record entry into forecoming STAIF conference proceedings, as of February 2007, in the "new frontiers " section of STAIF headed by Tony Roberson of NASA, and Paul Murad of the Defense departmen