Efek Bullying Terhadap Psikologis Anak Usia Dini di Desa Morikana

AbstrakAnak yaitu manusia muda dalam umur, muda dalam jiwa dan perjalanan hidupnya karena mudah terpengaruh dengan keadaan sekitarnya. Pengetahuan tentang perkembangan anak dapat membantu mereka mengembangkan diri, dan memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya, melalui pemahaman dengan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan anak. Berbagai upaya untuk menfasilitasi perkembangan tersebut, baik di lingkungan keluarga, sekolah, maupun masyarakat. Saat ini banyak faktor internal maupun eksternal yang dapat mengganggu proses tumbuh kembang anak salah satunya bullying. Tujuan kegiatan sosialisasi ini di desa Morikana Kecamatan Mawasangka Tengah, yaitu bagaimana cara meningkatkan kesadaran orang tua dan guru tentang bahaya bullying terhadap psikologis anak dan mengedukasi masyarakat tentang apa saja jenis bullying dan apa yang harus dilakukan ketika anak mengalami bullying. Metode yang dilakukan melalui tiga tahap ialah tahap persiapan, tahap implementasi atau pelaksanaan, dan tahap monitoring dan evaluasi. Para orang tua sangat antusias mendengarkan dan memberi pertanyaan dari materi yang disampaikan. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan ini dapat mengurangi intensitas dari kegiatan bullying di desa Morikana tersebut.Kata Kunci: Sosialisasi, Orang Tua, Bullying, Psikologis Anak AbstractChilidren are humans who are young age, young in spirit and in their journey of life because they are easly influenced by their surroundings. Knowledge of child development can help them develop themselves, and solve the problems they face, trough under standing the factors that influence childrens development. Various efforts to facilitate this development, both in the family, school,and community environment. Currently, there are many internal and external factors that can interfere with the process of child development, one of wich is bullying. The purpose of this socialization activity in Morikana village, Mawangka Tengah District, is how to increase the awareness of parents and teachers abou the psychological dengers of bullying on children and educate public about what types of bullying are and what to do when children experience bullying. The method is carried out thorugh theree stages, preparation phase namely the implementation or implementation stage and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The parents were very enthuasuastic about listening and asking questions from the material presented. So it is hopped that this activity can reduce the intensity of bullying activities the Morikana village.Keywords: Socialization, Parents, Bullying Effect, Child Psycholog

The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock.

Lipopolysaccharide activates plasma-membrane signaling and endosomal signaling by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) through the TIRAP-MyD88 and TRAM-TRIF adaptor complexes, respectively, but it is unclear how the signaling switch between these cell compartments is coordinated. In dendritic cells, we found that the p110δ isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) induced internalization of TLR4 and dissociation of TIRAP from the plasma membrane, followed by calpain-mediated degradation of TIRAP. Accordingly, inactivation of p110δ prolonged TIRAP-mediated signaling from the plasma membrane, which augmented proinflammatory cytokine production while decreasing TRAM-dependent endosomal signaling that generated anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and interferon-β). In line with that altered signaling output, p110δ-deficient mice showed enhanced endotoxin-induced death. Thus, by controlling the 'topology' of TLR4 signaling complexes, p110δ balances overall homeostasis in the TLR4 pathway.Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Waar blijven de Vlaamse rectoren met hun 'krachtige verklaring' over Isra\uebl?

Abstract: Vinden de besturen van de Vlaamse universiteiten mensenrechtenschendingen tegen Oekra\uefners erger dan die tegen Palestijnen, vragen tientallen academici zich af

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field