EXAFS Study on Local Structure of Iron Crystal by the Use of Asymmetrical Monochromator and PSPC

The EXAFS spectroscopy equipment constructed from an asymmetrical cut flat monochromator and PSPC is applied to the structural determination of pure α-iron which has small difference (0.038nm) in the first and second nearest neighbour distance. The efficiency of the curve fitting method for the two shell model of known structure material (α-iron) is discussed, in addition to describing the details of the experimental procedure of our new type of spectrometer and of the EXAFS data analysis

Dissecting the forces that shape crops: an interview with Ryohei Terauchi

Ryohei Terauchi is a Professor at Kyoto University and a Group Leader at the Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Japan, studying the evolution of crops and their pathogens. In this interview, Ryohei describes his research interests, how the revolution in sequencing technology helped improve our understanding of orphan crops, and who are the scientists that inspire him

On the Expressive Power of Regular Expressions with Backreferences

A rewb is a regular expression extended with a feature called backreference. It is broadly known that backreference is a practical extension of regular expressions, and is supported by most modern regular expression engines, such as those in the standard libraries of Java, Python, and more. Meanwhile, indexed languages are the languages generated by indexed grammars, a formal grammar class proposed by A.V.Aho. We show that these two models' expressive powers are related in the following way: every language described by a rewb is an indexed language. As the smallest formal grammar class previously known to contain rewbs is the class of context sensitive languages, our result strictly improves the known upper-bound. Moreover, we prove the following two claims: there exists a rewb whose language does not belong to the class of stack languages, which is a proper subclass of indexed languages, and the language described by a rewb without a captured reference is in the class of nonerasing stack languages, which is a proper subclass of stack languages. Finally, we show that the hierarchy investigated in a prior study, which separates the expressive power of rewbs by the notion of nested levels, is within the class of nonerasing stack languages.Comment: 20 pages, the full version of the paper to appear in MFCS 202

On the Expressive Power of Regular Expressions with Backreferences

A rewb is a regular expression extended with a feature called backreference. It is broadly known that backreference is a practical extension of regular expressions, and is supported by most modern regular expression engines, such as those in the standard libraries of Java, Python, and more. Meanwhile, indexed languages are the languages generated by indexed grammars, a formal grammar class proposed by A.V.Aho. We show that these two models\u27 expressive powers are related in the following way: every language described by a rewb is an indexed language. As the smallest formal grammar class previously known to contain rewbs is the class of context sensitive languages, our result strictly improves the known upper-bound. Moreover, we prove the following two claims: there exists a rewb whose language does not belong to the class of stack languages, which is a proper subclass of indexed languages, and the language described by a rewb without a captured reference is in the class of nonerasing stack languages, which is a proper subclass of stack languages. Finally, we show that the hierarchy investigated in a prior study, which separates the expressive power of rewbs by the notion of nested levels, is within the class of nonerasing stack languages

Physiological and Ecological Studies in Environmental Adaptation of Plants. : IV. Peroxidase Isozyme Variation in Solidago virgaurea Complex along an Altitudinal Gradient on Mt. Norikura, Central Japan.

By using Solidago Virgaurea Complex which widely distributed from basal to alpine zones, some morphological and ecological characteristics and peroxidase isozyme variation were investigated along an altitudinal gradient. In the case of the mature plants in the field, some altitudinal differences in morphological and ecological characteristics were clear between zones below and above 2000 or 2200m alt., and the number of main peroxidase isozymes was increased till 2200m alt. with the increase of their habitat altitude, but decreased at 2370m alt.. In this progress, the appearances of some isozymes were changed among altitudinal different plant populations such as absence, rare presence (minors), or mostly presence (mains) in the plants. When the seedlings which were derived from the seeds collected at different altitudes were grown under controlled conditions, the mobility of main isozymes was larger in the seedlings from high altitudes than in these from low ones. The variation in the number and the mobility of main isozymes with the increase of habitat altitude seems to correspond to altitudinal speciation from S. Virgaurea ssp. asiatica to ssp. leiocarpa.Article信州大学理学部紀要 25(1): 17-24(1990)departmental bulletin pape

New Approach to Short-Range Ordering in GP(2) Zones in Al-3.82wt. % Cu Alloy

X-ray diffuse scatteing intensity measurement has been carried out for the Al-3,82% Cu single crystal in which GP (2) zones are found. The two dimensional equiintensity contour maps in h(1) h(2) 0 plane are obtained from surveying around several reflections. The diffuse intensity around 2 1 0 reflection, which shows a cross like streak, is carefully examined. Warren-Cowley short-range order parameters, a(i), are estimated from the diffuse intensities around 2 1 0 reflection. The component of the intensities coming from atomic displacements was subtracted from the total diffuse intensity. It is found that the equi-intensity contours after the correction of the atomic displacements shows an anisotropic distribution and the GP(2) zone is an ellipsoid with a modified layer structure

Harvesting the promising fruits of genomics: Applying genome sequencing technologies to crop breeding

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being used to generate whole genome sequences for a wide range of crop species. When combined with precise phenotyping methods, these technologies provide a powerful and rapid tool for identifying the genetic basis of agriculturally important traits and for predicting the breeding value of individuals in a plant breeding population. Here we summarize current trends and future prospects for utilizing NGS-based technologies to develop crops with improved trait performance and increase the efficiency of modern plant breeding. It is our hope that the application of NGS technologies to plant breeding will help us to meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population

Robust Vehicle Detection and Distance Estimation Under Challenging Lighting Conditions

Avoiding high computational costs and calibration issues involved in stereo-vision-based algorithms, this paper proposes real-time monocular-vision-based techniques for simultaneous vehicle detection and inter-vehicle distance estimation, in which the performance and robustness of the system remain competitive, even for highly challenging benchmark datasets. This paper develops a collision warning system by detecting vehicles ahead and, by identifying safety distances to assist a distracted driver, prior to occurrence of an imminent crash. We introduce adaptive global Haar-like features for vehicle detection, tail-light segmentation, virtual symmetry detection, intervehicle distance estimation, as well as an efficient single-sensor multifeature fusion technique to enhance the accuracy and robustness of our algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to detect vehicles ahead at both day or night and also for short- and long-range distances. Experimental results under various weather and lighting conditions (including sunny, rainy, foggy, or snowy) show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms