Physics of heavy ions (1989-1990)

The results from studies on polar wind ion heating due to kinetic ion beam instabilities and the effects of such ion heating on the outflow of O(+) in the polar wind are presented and discussed. First, the linear instabilities associated with an O(+) and H(+) polar wind plasma in the presence of O(+) and H(+) beams for a range of O(+)/H(+) beam densities, T(sub e)/T(sub i), and ion beam speeds were examined. Then, nonlinear heating of the polar wind ions was studied, using numerical simulations. The O(+) and H(+) polar wind ions were modeled by isotropic Maxwellian distributions, and the electrons, O(+) beams, and H(+) beams were modeled by drifting Maxwellian distributions. The effects of the kinetic ion heating on the outflow of the polar wind ions were examined from the ionosphere, using a time-dependent hydrodynamic model. A numerical code to solve the O(+) and H(+) continuity and momentum equations in a flux tube from ionospheric to magnetospheric altitudes were developed. The effects of ion heating were included by allowing for the altitudinal variation of the ion temperatures in the momentum equation. The ion temperature profiles were specified based on the ion heating characteristics found from previous kinetic simulations. It was assumed that heating occurred above 1500 km and increased to a saturated value of temperature that was obtained directly from the kinetic simulation study. The characteristics of the dynamical polar wind without ion heating were studied, and a flux tube on closed field lines that suddenly became open at t = 0 was simulated. Then, the effects of ion heating were included. To gain some physical insight, two limiting cases were considered: preferential H(+) heating and preferential O(+) heating. How O(+) heating can lead to enhanced polar wind O(+) fluxes in the polar magnetosphere is shown

Influence of section depth on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete continuous deep beams

YesAlthough the depth of reinforced concrete deep beams is much higher than that of slender beams, extensive existing tests on deep beams have focused on simply supported beams with a scaled depth below 600 mm. In the present paper, test results of 12 two-span reinforced concrete deep beams are reported. The main parameters investigated were the beam depth, which is varied from 400 mm to 720 mm, concrete compressive strength and shear span-tooverall depth ratio. All beams had the same longitudinal top and bottom reinforcement and no web reinforcement to assess the effect of changing the beam depth on the shear strength of such beams. All beams tested failed owing to a significant diagonal crack connecting the edges of the load and intermediate support plates. The influence of beam depth on shear strength was more pronounced on continuous deep beams than simple ones and on beams having higher concrete compressive strength. A numerical technique based on the upper bound analysis of the plasticity theory was developed to assess the load capacity of continuous deep beams. The influence of the beam depth was covered by the effectiveness factor of concrete in compression to cater for size effect. Comparisons between the total capacity from the proposed technique and that experimentally measured in the current investigation and elsewhere show good agreement, even though the section depth of beams is varied

General Modified Friedmann Equations in Rainbow Flat Universe, by Thermodynamics

We investigate the derivation of Friedmann equations in Rainbow gravity following Jacobson thermodynamic approach. We do not restrict the rainbow functions to be constant as is customarily used, and show that the first law of thermodynamics with a corresponding `classical' proportionality between entropy and surface area, supplemented eventually by a `quantum' logarithmic correction, are not in general sufficient to obtain the equations in flat FRW metrics.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in EPJ

Reinforced concrete two-span continuous deep beams

Ye

An experimental investigation of retro-reinforced clay brick arches

This paper describes the laboratory testing of eight 2.95m span segmental profile clay brick arches. Seven of the arches were strengthened with longitudinal intrados (soffit) reinforcement; the eighth was left unreinforced as an experimental control. Three of the arches also contained reinforcement to resist inter-ring shear. The barrel of each arch consisted of 3 rings of brickwork laid in stretcher bond; the compressive strength of the mortar used in the arch construction varied from 1.7 to 6.2 MPa. In each case a full width line load was applied incrementally to the arch extrados at quarter span until collapse occurred. Surface crack development and the vertical deflection profile of each arch were recorded at each load increment. In all cases, the longitudinal reinforcement was found to delay the onset of cracking and to increase the load carrying capacity. As expected, premature failure by ring separation was found to occur in the arches constructed with the weakest mortar without inter-ring reinforcement. Radial dowels were found to be the most effective means of preventing ring separation. The effect of the longitudinal reinforcement was found to be greatest in the arches where measures were taken to prevent ring separation

The deffect effect on electronic conductance in binomially tailored quantum wire

The paper considers the effect of the defects on the electronic transmission properties in binomially tailored waveguide quantum wires, in which each Dirac delta function potential strength have been weight on the binomial distribution law. We have assumed that a single free-electron channel is incident on the structure and the scattering of electrons is solely from the geometric nature of the problem. We have used the transfer matrix method to study the electron transmission. We found this novel structure has a good defect tolerance. We found the structure tolerate up to in strength defect and in position defect for the central Dirac delta function in the binomial distribution. Also, we found this structure can tolerate both defect up to in strength and in position dislocationComment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions (http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions

Shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams using neural network

NoOptimum multi-layered feed-forward neural network (NN) models using a resilient back-propagation algorithm and early stopping technique are built to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep and slender beams. The input layer neurons represent geometrical and material properties of reinforced concrete beams and the output layer produces the beam shear capacity. Training, validation and testing of the developed neural network have been achieved using 50%, 25%, and 25%, respectively, of a comprehensive database compiled from 631 deep and 549 slender beam specimens. The predictions obtained from the developed neural network models are in much better agreement with test results than those determined from shear provisions of different codes, such as KBCS, ACI 318-05, and EC2. The mean and standard deviation of the ratio between predicted using the neural network models and measured shear capacities are 1.02 and 0.18, respectively, for deep beams, and 1.04 and 0.17, respectively, for slender beams. In addition, the influence of different parameters on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams predicted by the developed neural network shows consistent agreement with those experimentally observed

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION OF UNIVERSITY'S ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

The system of academic activities in higher education institutions is a program created to enable students and academic activities to communicate with each other. The mainpurpose of the existence of this system is to provide guidance and mentoring to students in their academic direction. Web-based system has been used as a medium for students to obtain information specifically related to academic course of study and learning. The use of the web-based system is to facilitate the process of selecting courses for planning of studies. The aims of this research are to design and implement quality management system based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in higher education or university with android and to know the respondents’ reaction regarding the new design quality management system based on ISO in higher education or university with android. The tools that used in this research are hardware and sofware. In this research use quality management system based on ISO 9001 (quality control) and the process of managing the data in the application of Android telephone celuler will use to implement the system to achieve the result of the research. The sample is 15 students of Information System Department students in Diponegoro University. The method analysis use in this research is descriptive analysis. The result of this study is the develop of information systems used in the higher education or university to know the quality management system based on ISO using Android. The information system to know the quality management system based on ISO using Android telephon celluler is very useful and easy to aplicated. New findings/significance that the design of this information system can help to aplicatedquality management system based on ISO using Android. Keywords: ISO, educational system, academic advisor