On the occurrence of Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittr. var. polyspora Rendle et West fil (Cladophoraceae) in the pond of the Wroclaw Botanical Garden [Translation from: Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 22 255-260, 1976]

Species of Pithophora occasionally appear in Europe and are associated mostly with the tropical, higher water plants, cultivated in numerous botanical gardens. In June 1973 pale green, branched threads were discovered in the pond of the Wroclaw Botanical Garden, amongst filaments of Spirogyra crassa (Kutz.) Czurda emend. and Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz. floating on the water surface. They were maintained for several weeks in crude cultures and produced numerous, dark akinetes tightly packed with reserve material. This collected material was found to be a member of the family Pithophora, Wittr. Further examinations identified the material as Pithophora oedogonia. The findings point out that it is probable, that species of Pithophora Wittr. can become acclimatized in Europe, primarily in ponds of botanical gardens, where consequently they are able to tangle easily with higher tropical plants

Noise Parameters of CW Radar Sensors Used in Active Defense Systems

Active defense represents an innovative way of protecting military vehicles. It is based on the employment of a set of radar sensors which detect an approaching threat missile and activate a suitable counter-measure. Since the radar sensors are supposed to detect flying missiles very fast and, at the same time, distinguish them from stationary or slow-moving objects, CW Doppler radar sensors can be employed with a benefit. The submitted article deals with a complex noise analysis of this type of sensors. The analysis considers the noise of linear and quasi-linear RF components, phase-noise of the local oscillator as well as the noise of low-frequency circuits. Since the incidence of the phase-noise depends strongly upon the time delay between the reference and the cross-talked signals, a new method of measuring noise parameters utilizing a reflecting wall has been developed and verified. The achieved results confirm potentially high influence of the phase-noise on the noise parameters of the mentioned type of radar sensors. Obtained results can be used for the analysis of noise parameters of the similar but even more complex sensors

Coding and Decoding Schemes for MSE and Image Transmission

In this work we explore possibilities for coding and decoding tailor-made for mean squared error evaluation of error in contexts such as image transmission. To do so, we introduce a loss function that expresses the overall performance of a coding and decoding scheme for discrete channels and that exchanges the usual goal of minimizing the error probability to that of minimizing the expected loss. In this environment we explore the possibilities of using ordered decoders to create a message-wise unequal error protection (UEP), where the most valuable information is protected by placing in its proximity information words that differ by a small valued error. We give explicit examples, using scale-of-gray images, including small-scale performance analysis and visual simulations for the BSMC.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theor

Continuous laser hardening with induction pre-heating

A novel way of continuous surface hardening of steel bodies by a laser beam is modeled. This heat treatment is supplemented with pre-heating of the hardened parts by a classic inductor in order to reduce the temperature gradients and subsequent mechanical stresses in the processed material. The mathematical model of the process is solved numerically in 3D and the solution respects all important nonlinearities (a saturation curve of the hardened steel and temperature dependences of its physical properties). The methodology is illustrated with a typical example, whose results are presented and discussed

Towards a Norm-Based Approach in Translation of Legal Provisions

If norms, as understood in the theory of law, are mental representations of legal provisions, the latter viewed as a unit of text, one may reach the conclusion that equivalent translation of a legal provision is a rendition from which identical norms may be mentally inferred. In this paper, we are going to show how norms inferred from the source text provision may profile the expressions used in the target text. The norm-based approach opens up space for cognitive analysis, since it is the competent interpreter’s mental semantic matrix that determines the norm, understood as an output of interpretation. If norms, as understood in the theory of law, are mental representations of legal provisions, the latter viewed as a unit of text, one may reach the conclusion that equivalent translation of a legal provision is a rendition from which identical norms may be mentally inferred. In this paper, we are going to show how norms inferred from the source text provision may profile the expressions used in the target text. The norm-based approach opens up space for cognitive analysis, since it is the competent interpreter’s mental semantic matrix that determines the norm, understood as an output of interpretation.

Reforma studiów w Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu w świetle zmian zachodzących w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym

The paper presents the principles and the directions of the education process reform at the Academy of Economics in Poznań, as well as internal and external institutional conditions, legal and financial, which decide about the success of undertaken activities. It constitutes an attempt to analyse in critical way the Academy’s experiences and to systematize the challenges the academy will face soon.Artykuł zawiera omówienie zasad i kierunków reformy studiów w Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu, a także wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych warunków instytucjonalnych, prawnych oraz finansowych, które przesądzają o powodzeniu podejmowanych działań. Jest próbą krytycznej retrospekcji, oceny drogi przebytej przez Uczelnię, a równocześnie uporządkowania zadań stojących przed Akademią Ekonomiczną w najbliższym czasie

Toxic strains of E.coli - poisoning from infected food

Pojam 'trovanje hranom' obuhvaća sva oboljenja koja nastaju uzimanjem nezdrave, pokvarene ili otrovne hrane. U većini slučajeva nastaje uslijed zagađenja hrane različitim bakterijama. Jedna od bakterija koja živi u ljudskim crijevima je Esherichia coli (E. coli) i većina sojeva su bezopasni i ne izazivaju reakcije u tijelu uopće. Međutim neki sojevi E. coli mogu uzrokovati štetu, ako ih se unese u ljudsko tijelo, jer proizvode toksine i ti sojevi su patogeni. U ovom radu opisano je trovanje hranom uzrokovano sa E. coli, te svi toksični sojevima ove vrste bakterije. Osvrnut ću se na zadnji slučaj tovanja hranom koji se je dogodio u Njemačkoj 2011.godine i na soj 0104 E. coli. Na kraju ću još nešto reći o pojavi 'superbakterija' i uzroku njihove otpornosti na antibiotike.The term 'food poisoning' includes all diseases caused by taking unhealthy, rotten or poisonous food. In most cases, caused by food contamination with different bacteria. One of the bacteria that live in human intestines is Escherichia coli (E. coli) and most strains are harmless and do not cause reactions in the body in general. However, some strains of E. coli can cause damage if they are entered into the human body, because they produce toxins and these strains are pathogenic. In this work I will write about the food poisoning caused by E. coli, and all toxic strains of this bacterium. I will comment on the latest case of food poisoning that has occurred in Germany 2011 and about E. coli strain 0104. In the end I will still say something about the phenomenon 'superbacteria' and the cause of their resistance to antibiotics