Computer perimetry. Indications and interpretation (Part I)

Vision is an intergrative function of central and peripheral vision. Central vision is involved in precise detailed vision, while peripheral vision concerns orientation. It is important to weigh their role in different pathological conditions. In clinical aspect, computer perimetry is important for verification and follow-up of the disease. The review covers contemporary terminology, technical specifications, choosing strategies, interpretation and clinical indications for perimetry

Clearing space for extreme psychologism about reasons

Abstract: Are reasons for action facts or psychological states? There are two answers in the literature on the ontology of reasons. According to the Standard Story, normative reasons are facts, while motivating reasons are psychological states. According to the factualist, both normative and motivating reasons are facts. In this paper I argue that neither of these views is satisfactory. The Standard Story errs in thinking that the two kinds of reasons are different ontological entities. The factualist gets this right, but incurs some distasteful ontological commitments by thinking of motivating reasons as facts. We should, thus, give a proper hearing to the only serious logically possible alternative to the two existing views: both motivating and normative reasons are psychological states

Combined Treatment Modalities In DME

Purpose: To compare the standard of care for DME and different combined treatment modalities in the context of its com- plex pathogenesis. To introduce novel therapeutic alternatives and to defy treatment algorithms in persistent and recurrent cases. Methods: A prospective study. Two groups of patients with combined treatment modalities were analyzed: 1st group treated with AntiVEGF and 2RT; 2nd group treated with Anti VEGF and Triamcinolon subtenonially. PRALC was added as needed. We used Nano- second laser 2RT (Ellex). For the purpose of the study we analyzed the structural (OCT) and functional (Angio-OCT-flow density (FD), BCVA) findings. OptoVue Avanti was used for AngioOCT and Snellen chart for BCVA. Results: There was no statistically significant im- provement in BCVA and CRT on the 1st, 3rd and 6th month in the 1st group after the treatment but a statistically significant improve- ment in FD on the 6th month was observed and elongation of treatment-free intervals: 78% of the patients were stable for more than 4 moths; only 22% needed a new injection in a less than 3 months. In the 2nd group there was statistically significant improvement in BCVA (0,44 to 0,62) and reduction in CRT (241 mcr ± 101 mcr). Conclusions: Combined treatment with AntiVEGF+Triamcinolon gives better functional and structural results compared to monthly anti-VEGF in resistant and recurrened case. The adjuvant treat- ment with 2RT has further stimulating effect on the retina and has the potential to slow the neuro-vascular and degenerative effects of diabetic retinopathy. The combined treatment has the potential to diminish the burden of monthly injections and improve compli- ance. The complex pathogenesis of DME needs combined approach

Анализ на ефекта от калиево торене върху добива и износа на общ N, K2O и P2O5 от доматени растения

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a crop that is characterized by considerable nutrient export because of its intensive growth, development, fruiting, and high biomass production. The purpose of this study is to determine how single-dose and split potassium fertilization impact the overall amount of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus exported from soils during crop harvest. A field experiment was carried out on Fluvosol (FAO, ISRIC World Soils) with K2O content of 20.3 mg/100g, P2O5 content of 5.8 mg/100g, and mineral N of 19.6 mg/kg. It was found that the biological yield and N, P2О5 and K2O nutrient export are significantly influenced by planting time and potassium fertilization treatments. Higher tomato fruit and biomass yields (61878.9 and 27184.9 kg/ha), along with higher nutrient export rates were observed in mid-early tomato plants. The highest yield and total N, K2O and P2O5 export from the soil was measured at split potassium (К80+80+80) fertilization treatment. A positive linear correlation between yield quantity and nutrient export was observed. The biological yield and nutrient export were shown to be significantly impacted by potassium fertilization (P<0.05).Доматът (Solanum lycopersicum) е култура, която се характеризира със значителен износ на хранителни вещества, заради интензивния си растеж, развитие, плододаване и високо производство на биомаса. Целта на настоящата работа е да се определи влиянието на калиево торене – еднократно и дробно върху износа на общ азот, калий и фосфор от почвите с прибиране на реколтата. Изведен е полски експеримент върху алувиалноливадна почва – Fluvosol (FAO, ISRIC World Soils), със съдържание на K2O - 20.3 mg/100g, на P2O5 – 5.8 mg/100g и на минерален N - 19.6 mg/kg. Установено е, че биологичният добив и износът на хранителни вещества са значително повлияни от времето на засаждане и начина на внасяне на калиевата норма. По-висок добив на доматени плодове и биомаса (61878.9 и 27184.9 kg/ha), заедно с по-високи нива на износ на хранителни елементи се наблюдават при средно-ранните домати. Износът на хранителни вещества следва положителна линейна връзка с увеличаването на добива. Найвисок добив и съответно най-висок общ N, K2O и P2O5 са изнесени при трикратно калиево торене (К80+80+80). Установена е значителна корелационна зависимост между начина на внасяне на калиевата норма и износа на хранителни вещества с биологичния добив (P<0.05)

Victimización intrafamiliar, indirecta y sexual en menores de 12 a 18 años

La victimización es la forma en la que un individuo es víctima, es decir, mediante las formas o medios por los cuales se llegan a sufrir las consecuencias tanto físicas como psíquicas de los actos delictivos producidos por una tercera persona. El presente trabajo es un estudio exploratorio de la realidad en la sociedad de Málaga sobre la victimización intrafamiliar, indirecta y sexual. Se trata de un estudio que abarca una muestra de 2.469 menores de entre 12 y 18 o más años, que pretende mostrar las experiencias de la victimización en los menores alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria, bachillerato, ciclos formativos y grados medios en la ciudad de Málaga. Se han tenido en cuenta variables como la edad, sexo y país de nacimiento del menor y, además, la zona socioeconómica a la que pertenece el instituto al que acude el menor y si es público, concertado o privado