On Real-oriented Johnson-Wilson cohomology

Answering a question of W. S. Wilson, I introduce a Z/2-equivariant Atiyah-Real analogue of Johnson-Wilson cohomology theory BP, whose coefficient ring is the =< n-chromatic part of Landweber's Real cobordism ring.Comment: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol2/agt-2-38.abs.htm

Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Fermion Lattice Systems

We study equilibrium statistical mechanics of Fermion lattice systems which require a different treatment compared with spin lattice systems due to the non-commutativity of local algebras for disjoint regions. Our major result is the equivalence of the KMS condition and the variational principle with a minimal assumption for the dynamics and without any explicit assumption on the potential. It holds also for spin lattice systems as well, yielding a vast improvement over known results. All formulations are in terms of a C*-dynamical systems for the Fermion (CAR) algebra with all or a part of the following assumptions: (I) The interaction is even with respect to the Fermion number. (Automatically satisfied when (IV) below is assumed.) (II) All strictly local elements of the algebra have the first time derivative. (III) The time derivatives in (II) determine the dynamics. (IV) The interaction is lattice translation invariant. A major technical tool is the conditional expectation from the total algebra onto the local subalgebra for any finite subset of the lattice, which induces a system of commuting squares. This technique overcomes the lack of tensor product structures for Fermion systems and even simplifies many known arguments for spin lattice systems.Comment: 103 pages, no figure. The Section 13 has become simpler and a problem in 14.1 is settled thanks to a referee. The format has been revised according to the suggestion of this and the other referee

A Clinical Investigation of the Mechanism of Loxoprofen, a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, for Patients with Nocturia

We previously reported the effectiveness of loxoprofen sodium (loxoprofen), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) complaining of nocturia. In this study, we explored the mechanism of loxoprofen in the treatment of nocturia. Fifty-six patients complaining of nocturia were enrolled. They took a single 60-mg tablet of loxoprofen at bedtime for 14 days. The effects of this treatment were assessed by bladder diaries. Nocturia improved (nocturia decreased &#8805;1 void/night) in 40 patients (71.4%). Nocturnal urine volume was reduced in 31 of 40 (77.5%) without nocturnal single-void volume increase. Nocturnal single-void volume increased in 4 of 40 (10.0%) without nocturnal urine volume reduction. Two of 40 (5.0%) demonstrated both nocturnal urine volume reduction and nocturnal single-void volume increase. Three (7.5%) were exceptions to the above. In conclusion, the main mechanism of loxoprofen is the reduction of nocturnal urine volume for the treatment of nocturia and the second mechanism is the increased bladder capacity.</p

Chiral symmetry restoration in monolayer graphene induced by Kekule distortion

We propose a chiral symmetry restoration mechanism in monolayer graphene, in analogy with the strongly coupled gauge theory. The chiral (sublattice) symmetry of graphene, which is spontaneously broken under the effectively strong Coulomb interaction, is restored by introducing the Kekule-patterned lattice distortion externally. Such a phase transition is investigated analytically by the lattice gauge theory model with the original honeycomb lattice structure. We discuss the relation between the chiral phase transition and the spectral gap amplitude.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; published versio

Anomalies of Discrete Symmetries and Gauge Coupling Unification

The anomaly of a discrete symmetry is defined as the Jacobian of the path-integral measure. Assuming that the anomaly at low energies is cancelled by the Green-Schwarz (GS) mechanism at a fundamental scale, we investigate possible Kac-Moody levels for anomalous discrete family symmetries. As the first example, we consider discrete abelian baryon number and lepton number symmetries in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the see-saw mechanism, and we find that the ordinary unification of gauge couplings is inconsistent with the GS conditions, indicating the possible existence of further Higgs doublets. We consider various recently proposed supersymmetric models with a non-abelian discrete family symmetry. In a supersymmetric example with $Q_{6}$ family symmetry, the GS conditions are such that the gauge coupling unification appears close to the Planck scale.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, many typos corrected, references added, published versio

Extracted Memory from Temporal Patterns Using Adaptive Resonance and Recurrent Network

We can recognize objects through receiving continuously huge temporal information including redundancy and noise, and can memorize them. This paper proposes a neural network model which extracts pre-recognized patterns from temporally sequential patterns which include redundancy, and memorizes the patterns temporarily. This model consists of an adaptive resonance system and a recurrent time-delay network. The extraction is executed by the matching mechanism of the adaptive resonance system, and the temporal information is processed and stored by the recurrent network. Simple simulations are examined to exemplify the property of extraction.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Tokyo Information Systems Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japa

Neutral Particles and Super Schwinger Terms

Z_2-graded Schwinger terms for neutral particles in 1 and 3 space dimensions are considered.Comment: 13 page