T=0 effective interaction in 14N and 10B

We have calculated the 1+ and 3+, T=0 states in 14N and 10B. In a neutron-proton RPA model these two nuclei are described by the same set of equations. We first show that a bare Minnesota interaction leads to too weak binding in bothnuclei. Furthermore it does not produce a 3+ ground state in 10B as it should. Including medium effects as an exchange of phonons between the neutron-proton pair cures the desagreement in 14N but still gives a 1+ ground state in 10B with the 3+ as an excited state. The same study with a Gogny effective interaction reproduces nicely the properties of both nuclei: same agreement in 14N as previously when medium effeccts were introduced but now the 3+ in 10B becomes the ground state. This success suggests that through its density dependent term the Gogny interaction takes account of the presence of a three-body force which, in a shell model calculation, has been shown to be essential to give a 3+ ground state in 10B

Deformation or spherical symmetry in 10Be and the inversion of 1/2- - 1/2+ states in 11Be

For a core plus one neutron system like 11Be we have calculated the energies of the 1/2- and 1/2+ states assuming a deformation of the core deduced from the low energy 2+ state properties or taking into account the coupling of the neutron with this 2+ state interpreted as a spherical one-phonon state. We have shown that the two derivations yield identical results if the phonon energy is neglected in the second derivation and close results in the general case

The role of state and creation of a market economy in Russia

This paper examines the role of institutions in economic growth and the role of the institutions created by the Russian state in particular. The author stresses the finding that growth-supporting institutions vary according to the level of economic development in a country. In a post-industrial society, that Russia aspires to be, further economic development requires promotion of institutions securing e.g. property rights and economic freedom. Finally, based on these observations, the three development scenarios frequently discussed in the current Russian economic policy debates are analysed.modernisation; role of institutions; economic development; Russia

Supply Chain Management in Agriculture - Including Economics Aspects like Responsibility and Transparency

Supply Chain Management as a business strategy can combine both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects of preferred value chains. This paper (1) shows the impact of SCM, (2) stretches out the three dimensions of performance, costs and quality of the processes along the supply chain and (3) highlights the SCM-enabler. The method of a process chain analysis is demonstrated for the allocation of resources. Various results of carried out and studies in progress are given and identified through the classification into economical and management aspects.Supply Chain Management (SCM), Activity Based Costing (ABC), Process Transparency, Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), marketing of quality alternatives, Industrial Organization,

Patterns of popular support for the welfare state: a comparison of the United Kingdom and Germany

This paper deals with the problems of social acceptance and social support of the welfare state. It starts with a brief presentation of approaches which infer in an immediate way from the self-interest of the citizens as welfare beneficiaries (‘beneficial involvement’) to the question of social acceptance. Although the importance of this factor is undisputed, the conceptual reliance on a purely interest-defined understanding remains insufficient since it does not explain why the welfare state institutions also find social acceptance amongst groups which are not net-beneficiaries. The issue of how social support is constituted will be reframed in three respects. Firstly, the supportive attitudes towards the welfare state are not solely motivated by the benefit status, they are also related to the expectation of returns. Thereby the welfare institutions are perceived as guarantors of intertemporal risk balancing. This expectation of future benefits makes people willing to accept an enormous redistribution from welfare contributors to receivers. Secondly, it will be argued that the normative dimension, i.e. what people find equitable, just and fair, can be viewed as a complementary dimension of self-interest without which the phenomena of social acceptance or disregard cannot be grasped. Thirdly, the institutional architecture of welfare programmes will be introduced as the crucial determinant of the codetermination of self-interest and the normativity. By comparing the United Kingdom and Germany (East and West), the relation between institutional designs and individual orientations will be investigated more in detail. At first, the institutional architecture of both welfare states will be presented with special emphasis on the mode of interest integration in terms of ‘beneficial involvement’ and the conditions of ‘return expectations’, on the one hand, and the ‘normative references’, on the other. In a subsequent analysis of the attitudinal patterns within the different welfare regimes, this perspective will be sharpened further. Databasis will be the ISSP 1996 (International Social Survey Programme) with its module ‘Role of Government’. Within different fields of social policy (pension, unemployment, income redistribution) it will be looked at the groupspecific effects of the institutional architecture and the extent of attitudinal differentiation. From this, some conclusions will be drawn of how welfare institutions condition and generate social acknowledgement and support. --