Endangered oral literature genres in Punan Tubu (East Kalimantan)

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Indonesian in North Kalimantan: A melting pot of national, regional and local features

This paper describes some features of the Indonesian variant spoken in the Province of North Kalimantan, in particular the language spoken in the island of Tarakan and some of the areas gravitating around it, namely the towns of Sekatak and of Malinau. Despite the presence of two traditional Malay dialects in the adjacent Provinces of East Kalimantan, Berau Malay and Kutai Malay, the language of interethnic communication spoken in North Kalimantan did not develop directly from those two dialects. In fact it developed from a combination of elements, comprising features of the national language used in the education systems, in the press, in politics, and of its colloquial variant originally spoken in the capital and that spread in the area thanks to the many immigrants from other regions. Few elements of Eastern Borneo Malay dialects and local lexemes and expressions enrich this variant where national, regional and local features merge

Deixis in Borneo: Kenyah and Punan

This paper presents a description of spatial and temporal deictics in three languages of North-Eastern Borneo: Lebu’ Kulit and Òma Lóngh Kenyah and Punan Tuvu’. Comparison of the form and function of deictic markers in these languages reveals a complex pattern of similarities and divergences. The deictics in these languages are described in their use to localize the speech event and its participants in space and time. Then the relationship between demonstratives and other deictics is observed and so is the encoding of location in the context of the environment. In addition to describing the synchronic properties of deictic markers, the processes whereby deictic markers grammaticalized in these varieties are observed

Studying linguistic and cultural contact in Borneo: Prospects and challenges

In the variegated landscape of languages and cultures of Borneo, the study of languages is a powerful tool to shed light on the intricate history of relations that has long been obscured by the polarization between ‘Dayak’ and ‘Malay’. This article looks at some of the features of Lebu’ Kulit Kenyah, Penan Benalui, Punan Tubu’ and Ma’ Pnaan (Punan Malinau/ Segah) languages to clarify the linguistic and cultural affiliations among groups that were otherwise lumped together in vague classifications. It demonstrates what is to follow: according to a number of phonological, morphological and lexical evidence, and other historical evidence, Lebu’ Kulit has to be listed among the Kayanic languages. Penan Benalui, like the other Penan languages, is not a Kenyah language, whereas Punan Tubu’, despite the alleged cultural and social similarity with other Punan groups, cannot be classified within the Penan branch nor with other Punan languages. Ma’ Pnaan or Punan Malinau/Segah is not a Punan language and is linguistically classified within the Kayanic branch of the Kayan-Kenyah subgroup

Language development of bilingual children; A case study in the acquisition of tense and aspect in an Italian-Indonesian child

This paper describes the development of temporal expressions in a bilingual child acquiring two typologically distinct languages: Italian and Indonesian. These languages differ from one another in the way tense and aspect are encoded and it is interesting to observe what kind of cross-linguistic influence one language system has on the other. Italian verbs are heavily inflected for person, number as well as for tense, aspect and mood, whereas, in Indonesian, the encoding of tense and aspect is lexical rather than morphological; moreover encoding is optional when the context is sufficiently clear. This means that tense and aspect in Indonesian is often marked pragmatically rather than grammatically. This paper considers the interference effects that result from simultaneously acquiring these two typologically distinct systems.Key wordsChild bilingualism, Italian, Indonesian, tense, aspect, cross-linguistic structures, interference

Variation in aspect and modality in some languages of Northeastern Borneo

In most of the languages of Northeastern Borneo the categories of aspect and modality are almost always expressed lexically and often are optional. This paper discusses the expression of perfective and imperfective aspect as well as mood and negation as conveyed through a wide range of mostly unbound morphemes in four North Sarawak languages. The languages consist of two Kenyah variants, Lebu’ Kulit, and Òma Lóngh as well as two langauges spoken by former hunter-gatherers, the Punan Tubu’and the Penan Benalui. The data used draws from bot narratives and elicited material. The lexemes used are in large part discourse context and verb semantics dependent, and differ in all the languages. The lexical meaning of the form used for the pefective is usually ‘finished’ and for the imperfective it is ‘in the middle’. The exception is in Punan Tubu’ and Penau Benalui where the infix marks the undergoer voice and also bears the meaning of perfectivity. Quotative verbs are generally used to express evidentiality and no bound evidentials are found

Building Trust for Lambda-Congenial Secret Groups

Establishing trust while preserving privacy is a challenging research problem. In this paper we introduce lambda -congenial secret groups which allow users to recognize trusted partners based on common attributes while preserving their anonymity and privacy. Such protocols are different from authentication protocols, since the latter are based on identities, while the former are based on attributes. Introducing attributes in trust establishment allows a greater flexibility but also brings up several issues. In this paper, we investigate the problem of building trust with attributes by presenting motivating examples, analyzing the security requirements and giving an informal definition. We also survey one of the most related techniques, namely private matching, and finally present solutions based on it