Airborne collision scenario flight tests: impact of angle measurement errors on reactive vision-based avoidance control

The future emergence of many types of airborne vehicles and unpiloted aircraft in the national airspace means collision avoidance is of primary concern in an uncooperative airspace environment. The ability to replicate a pilot’s see and avoid capability using cameras coupled with vision based avoidance control is an important part of an overall collision avoidance strategy. But unfortunately without range collision avoidance has no direct way to guarantee a level of safety. Collision scenario flight tests with two aircraft and a monocular camera threat detection and tracking system were used to study the accuracy of image-derived angle measurements. The effect of image-derived angle errors on reactive vision-based avoidance performance was then studied by simulation. The results show that whilst large angle measurement errors can significantly affect minimum ranging characteristics across a variety of initial conditions and closing speeds, the minimum range is always bounded and a collision never occurs

GARDSim - A GPS Receiver Simulation Environment for Integrated Navigation System Development and Analysis

Airservices Australia has recently proposed the use of a Ground-based Regional Augmentation System (GRAS) to improve the safety of using the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) in aviation. The GRAS Airborne Receiver Development project (GARD) is being conducted by QUT in conjunction with Airservices Australia and GPSat Systems. The aim of the project is to further enhance the safety and reliability of GPS and GRAS by incorporating smart sensor technology including advanced GPS signal processing and Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Sensor (MEMS) based inertial components. GARDSim is a GPS and GRAS receiver simulation environment which has been developed for algorithm development and analysis in the GARD project. GARDSim is capable of simulating any flight path using a given aeroplane flight model, simulating various GPS, GRAS and inertial system measurements and performing high integrity navigation solutions for the flight. This paper discusses the architecture and capabilities of GARDSim. Simulation results will be presented to demonstrate the usefulness of GARDSim as a simulation environment for algorithm development and evaluation

Applied Biomechanics In Gymnastics

non

Clinic Application of Biomechanical Research in the Training of Gymnastics

Pulpose: The purpose of the clinic is to demonstrate the application of results of biomechanical research in the training process of advanced gymnasts. For this purpose some technique of floor exercises and vaults have been selected as examples. Quantitative biomechanical data of qualitatively judged skills and theoretical considerations are the basis for the identification of the major factors to be optimized during training. The aims for optimization are (1) the well-prepared and exact qualitative acoustic information from coach to athlete based on the coach's well-trained visual observation, (2) specially chosen methodological steps to pronounce some parameters, and (3) the use of a very simple feedback-system to inform coach and athlete immediately after each trial about selected timeparameters. Procedure: The clinic will be composed of three events. All of them start with an introduction into the biomechanics of the special event. Then follows a demonstration of the optimization process based on the discussed biomechanical data or theoretical considerations. For this aim groups of 5-7 gymnasts of the upper middle level will work on the events. The biomechanically based training program will be supported by using a simple feedback-system measuring selected time parameters. The following three events are selected as examples: Floor: Roundoff - flic-flac - backward somersault Floor: Running handspring - handspring - hecht-handspring- forward somersault (part of the olympic compulsory exercises) Vault: front handspring

The United Nations council for Namibia with special emphasis on its Decree No 1

This thesis examines the legal status of the United Nations Council for Namibia and the validity of its actions before and after the independence of the Territory with special emphasis on its Decree No 1. Chapter I describes the natural environment of Namibia, its human resources and economic conditions. These are basic to the interpretation and evaluation of the policies concerning administration and development of the Territory. The problem of Namibia in the UN is analysed in Chapter II. All organs of the Organisation, the GA, the SC, and the ICJ found that South Africa's presence in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa had no right to administer the Territory. As a result the UN terminated South Africa's Mandate over Namibia and established the UNCfN (as a subsidiary organ of the GA irt terms of art 22 of the Charter). This body then administered the Territory until its independence in March 1990. Because UNCfN was a unique institution in the history of the Organisation, and because of the Council's uncertain legal status, Chapter IV examines the legal character of the Council and concludes that UNCfN had legitimate powers over the Territory (even with regard to foreign affairs). In its capacity as administering authority, UNCfN, on 27 September 1974, issued Decree No 1 for the protection of the natural resources of Namibia. The legal force of this Decree in international law before and after independence is the focus of discussion in Chapter V. With regard of the validity of this Decree before independence, an examination of the practice of states shows that almost all Member States of the UN denied the Decree binding force in international law. To hold otherwise would imply that the Council could create international legal obligations for UN Members, thereby giving the Council greater powers than those of a sovereign government. Because the Decree is an act of the Namibian Government (following its incorporation into the Namibian Constitution), the validity of Decree No 1 after independence is discussed in terms of the principles governing observance of foreign acts of state. The finding is that other states are free to recognise paras 1 and 3 (as self-executing acts) or execute paras 4 and 5 (as nonself-executing acts). The observance of para 2 of _the Decree as an illegal act of state in international law depends on the approach of the state concerned to the act of state doctrine. Continental states adhere to territorial principle, and so they usually deny the validity of illegal foreign acts, whereas Anglo-American jurisdictions refuse to examine foreign acts in terms of their compliance with international law. Because of the confusion surrounding the judicial use and proper scope of the doctrine, however, one can only speculate that an American might observe para 2 of the Decree