Usury, statutory avoidance and the Court of Chancery 1680-1800

Article by Dr Warren Swain and Karen Fairweather, School of Law, Durham University published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London

The state of the responsible research and innovation programme: A case for its application in additive manufacturing

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Many of the ethical issues of additive manufacturing (AM) are not well known or understood, and there remains a policy vacuum that needs to be addressed. This paper aims to describe an approach that has been applied successfully to other emerging technologies, referred to as the responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework programme. A case is then made for the application of this approach in the AM industry with an illustration of how it might be used

Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames

Presented are results obtained from the incorporation of a semi-empirical soot model into a first-order conditional moment closure (CMC) approach to modelling turbulent, non-premixed methane–air and propane–air flames. Soot formation is determined via the solution of two transport equations for soot mass fraction and particle number density, with acetylene and benzene employed as the incipient species responsible for soot nucleation, and the concentrations of these calculated using a detailed gas-phase kinetic scheme involving 70 species. The study focuses on the influence of differential diffusion of soot particles on soot volume fraction predictions. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data for atmospheric and 3 atm methane flames, and propane flames with air preheated to 323 K and 773 K. Overall, the study demonstrates that the model, when used in conjunction with a representation of differential diffusion effects, is capable of accurately predicting soot formation in the turbulent non-premixed flames considered

Empowerment in children with cystic fibrosis

Section A This is a literature review of patient empowerment in children and young people (CYP) with cystic fibrosis (CF), using a meta-synthesis of 17 qualitative studies. Thematic synthesis identified analytic themes: ‘relational support’, ‘information and understanding’, ‘feeling heard and respected’, ‘mastery and competence’, appeared to facilitate empowerment; ‘prejudice and assumptions’ was identified as a potential barrier. ‘Navigating being different’ appeared to both influence and be influenced by empowerment. Findings provide an initial understanding of factors influencing empowerment in CYP with CF. Potential clinical and research implications are considered. Section B This is an empirical paper presenting a grounded theory study that aims to develop a preliminary theory of empowerment in CYP with CF. Seven young people with CF, five parents and four professionals were interviewed. The emerging model suggests that ‘thriving alongside CF’ may be supported by interactions between ‘having a team’ and ‘taking charge and having a voice’, leading to ‘being able to just be a child/getting on with life’. ‘Concealing self’ may get in the way of ‘thriving alongside CF’. These processes occur within wider medical and developmental contexts. Study limitations, clinical and research implications are discussed

CO2 pipelines material and safety considerations

This paper presents an overview of some of the most important factors and areas of uncertainty affecting integrity and accurate hazard assessment of CO2 pipelines employed as part of the Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) chain. These include corrosion, hydrate formation, hydrogen embrittlement and propensity to fast running ductile and brittle factures. Special consideration is given to the impact of impurities within the CO2 feed from the various capture technologies on these possible hazards. Knowledge gaps in the modelling of outflow and subsequent dispersion of CO2 following the accidental rupture of pressurised CO2 pipelines, central to their safety assessment, are also presented

Women and Autoimmune Diseases1

Recent evidence indicates that sex hormones may exacerbate autoimmune diseases, particularly in women, by increasing the adjuvant effect of infections

Digital predictions of complex cylinder packed columns

A digital computational approach has been developed to simulate realistic structures of packed beds. The underlying principle of the method is digitisation of the particles and packing space, enabling the generation of realistic structures. Previous publications [Caulkin, R., Fairweather, M., Jia, X., Gopinathan, N., & Williams, R.A. (2006). An investigation of packed columns using a digital packing algorithm. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 30, 1178–1188; Caulkin, R., Ahmad, A., Fairweather, M., Jia, X., & Williams, R. A. (2007). An investigation of sphere packed shell-side columns using a digital packing algorithm. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 31, 1715–1724] have demonstrated the ability of the code in predicting the packing of spheres. For cylindrical particles, however, the original, random walk-based code proved less effective at predicting bed structure. In response to this, the algorithm has been modified to make use of collisions to guide particle movement in a way which does not sacrifice the advantage of simulation speed. Results of both the original and modified code are presented, with bulk and local voidage values compared with data derived by experimental methods. The results demonstrate that collisions and their impact on packing structure cannot be disregarded if realistic packing structures are to be obtained