Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

In Vivo Assessment Of The Cytotoxic, Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Potential Of Maná-cubiu (solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal) Fruit

Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal is a native shrub often found in the Amazon Forest. Its fruits, known as maná-cubiu, possess an unusual flavor and are consumed in salads and juices, mainly by the local community of Northern Brazil. Because these fruits are used in traditional medicine as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic agents, it is important to establish whether the consumption of maná-cubiu is safe using in vivo genotoxicity tests. Here, we investigated the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of maná-cubiu for doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage using the micronucleus test and the comet assay in Wistar rats. Moreover, oxidative stress parameters were determined in the heart and liver of the animals by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The relative expression of Ptgs2 mRNA in the livers of the animals was also determined. The tests were performed with maná-cubiu pulp (125, 250, 375 or 500. mg/kg body weight - b.w.) by gavage for 14. days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of saline or DXR (16. mg/kg b.w.) immediately after the last gavage, which occurred 24. h before euthanasia. The results showed that maná-cubiu at all tested doses had no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow cells and was not genotoxic to heart or liver cells. In addition, maná-cubiu treatments decreased DXR-induced DNA damage according to the comet assay in heart and liver cells. Reductions in micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood cells occurred at 125, 250 and 375. mg/kg b.w. doses of maná-cubiu, and the TBARS content induced by DXR was also reduced by maná-cubiu. Furthermore, maná-cubiu did not modulate the transcription of the Ptgs2 gene. In conclusion, maná-cubiu pulp fruit was not cytotoxic or genotoxic in Wistar rats, suggesting its safety for human consumption, at least considering genotoxic effects. The antioxidant capacity of maná-cubiu pulp fruit may contribute to the antigenotoxic effects of this fruit at the doses used in this study. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.62121127Aissa, A.F., Bianchi, M.L.P., Ribeiro, J.C., Hernandes, L.C., de Faria, A.F., Mercadante, A.Z., Comparative study of beta-carotene and microencapsulated beta-carotene: Evaluation of their genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects (2012) Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50 (5), pp. 1418-1424Almeida, M.R., Aissa, A.F., Gomes, T.D.U.H., Darin, J.D.C., Chiste, R.C., Mercadante, A.Z., In vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress evaluation of an ethanolic extract from piquia (Caryocar villosum) pulp (2013) Journal of Medicinal Food, 16 (3), pp. 268-271Boeing, H., Bechthold, A., Bub, A., Ellinger, S., Haller, D., Kroke, A., Critical review: Vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases (2012) European Journal of Nutrition, 51 (6), pp. 637-663Bowen, D.E., Whitwell, J.H., Lillford, L., Henderson, D., Kidd, D., Mc Garry, S., Evaluation of a multi-endpoint assay in rats, combining the bone-marrow micronucleus test, the Comet assay and the flow-cytometric peripheral blood micronucleus test (2011) Mutation Research, 722 (1), pp. 7-19Buege, J.A., Aust, S.D., Microsomal lipid peroxidation (1978) Methods in Enzymology, 52, pp. 302-310Carvalho, C., Santos, R.X., Cardoso, S., Correia, S., Oliveira, P.J., Santos, M.S., Doxorubicin: The good, the bad and the ugly effect (2009) Current Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (25), pp. 3267-3285Chang, C.V., Felicio, A.C., Reis, J.E., Guerra Mde, O., Peters, V.M., Fetal toxicity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) in rats (2002) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81 (2), pp. 265-269de Angelis Pereira, M.C., Carvalho, J.C., Lima, L.M., Caputo, L.R., Ferreira, L.R., Fiorini, J.E., Toxicity of a subchronic treatment with hydroalcoholic crude extract from Solanum grandiflorum (Ruiz et Pav) in rats (2003) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89 (1), pp. 97-99Doroshow, J.H., Davies, K.J.A., Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. 2. Formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen-peroxide, and hydroxyl radical (1986) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261 (7), pp. 3068-3074Fang, Y.Z., Yang, S., Wu, G., Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition (2002) Nutrition, 18 (10), pp. 872-879Felzenszwalb, I., da Costa Marques, M.R., Mazzei, J.L., Aiub, C.A., Toxicological evaluation of Euterpe edulis: A potential superfruit to be considered (2013) Food and Chemical Toxicology, 58, pp. 536-544Fenech, M., Micronutrients and genomic stability: A new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) (2002) Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40 (8), pp. 1113-1117Fraga, C.G., Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health (2005) Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26 (4-5), pp. 235-244Gilleron, M., Marechal, X., Montaigne, D., Franczak, J., Neviere, R., Lancel, S., NADPH oxidases participate to doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis (2009) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 388 (4), pp. 727-731Granados-Principal, S., Quiles, J.L., Ramirez-Tortosa, C.L., Sanchez-Rovira, P., Ramirez-Tortosa, M.C., New advances in molecular mechanisms and the prevention of adriamycin toxicity by antioxidant nutrients (2010) Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48 (6), pp. 1425-1438Hartree, E.F., Determination of protein: A modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response (1972) Analytical Biochemistry, 48 (2), pp. 422-427Hayashi, M., Morita, T., Kodama, Y., Sofuni, T., Ishidate, M., The micronucleus assay with mouse peripheral-blood reticulocytes using acridine orange-coated slides (1990) Mutation Research, 245 (4), pp. 245-249Holden, H.E., Majeska, J.B., Studwell, D., A direct comparison of mouse and rat bone marrow and blood as target tissues in the micronucleus assay (1997) Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 391 (1-2), pp. 87-89Johanningsmeier, S.D., Harris, G.K., Pomegranate as a functional food and nutraceutical source (2011) Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 2 (2), pp. 181-201Kumar, M., Kumar, S., Kaur, S., Role of ROS and COX-2/iNOS inhibition in cancer chemoprevention: A review (2012) Phytochemistry Reviews, 11 (2-3), pp. 309-337Liu, R.H., Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals (2003) The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78 (3 SUPPL.), pp. 517S-520SLiu, R.H., Dietary bioactive compounds and their health implications (2013) Journal of Food Science, 78, pp. A18-A25Macgregor, J.T., Heddle, J.A., Hite, M., Margolin, B.H., Ramel, C., Salamone, M.F., Guidelines for the conduct of micronucleus assays in mammalian bone-marrow erythrocytes (1987) Mutation Research, 189 (2), pp. 103-112Marin, A.M.F., Siqueira, E.M.A., Arruda, S.F., Minerals, phytic acid and tannin contents of 18 fruits from the Brazilian savanna (2009) International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60, pp. 177-187Marx, F., Andrade, E.H.A., Maia, J.G., Chemical composition of the fruit of Solanum sessiliflorum (1998) Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung, 206 (5), pp. 364-366Nardi, E.P., Evangelista, F.S., Tormen, L., SaintPierre, T.D., Curtius, A.J., de Souza, S.S., The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of toxic and essential elements in different types of food samples (2009) Food Chemistry, 112 (3), pp. 727-732Pardo, M.A., Efecto de Solanum sessilif lorum Dunal sobre el metabolismo lipidico y de la glucosa (2004) Ciencia e Investigación, 7, pp. 43-48Pfaffl, M.W., A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR (2001) Nucleic Acids Research, 29 (9)Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Slob, W., Galli, C., Silano, V., Risk assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations intended for use in food and food supplements: Emerging issues (2008) Toxicology Letters, 180 (2), pp. 131-136Rigano, M.M., De Guzman, G., Walmsley, A.M., Frusciante, L., Barone, A., Production of pharmaceutical proteins in Solanaceae food crops (2013) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14 (2), pp. 2753-2773Rodrigues, E., Mariutti, L.R., Mercadante, A.Z., Carotenoids and phenolic compounds from Solanum sessiliflorum, an unexploited Amazonian fruit, and their scavenging capacities against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (2013) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61 (12), pp. 3022-3029Rothfuss, A., Honma, M., Czich, A., Aardema, M.J., Burlinson, B., Galloway, S., Improvement of in vivo genotoxicity assessment: Combination of acute tests and integration into standard toxicity testing (2011) Mutation Research, 723 (2), pp. 108-120Salick, J., Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum) production and breeding potentials of the peach tomato (1989) New crops for food and industry, pp. 257-264. , Chapman and Hall, London, G.E. Wickens, N. Haq, P. Day (Eds.)Sanchez-Lamar, A., Fonseca, G., Fuentes, J.L., Cozzi, R., Cundari, E., Fiore, M., Assessment of the genotoxic risk of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) whole fruit extracts (2008) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115 (3), pp. 416-422Sedlak, J., Lindsay, R.H., Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent (1968) Analytical Biochemistry, 25 (1), pp. 192-205Simunek, T., Sterba, M., Popelova, O., Adamcova, M., Hrdina, R., Gersl, V., Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: Overview of studies examining the roles of oxidative stress and free cellular iron (2009) Pharmacological Reports, 61 (1), pp. 154-171Singh, N.P., Mccoy, M.T., Tice, R.R., Schneider, E.L., A simple technique for quantitation of low-levels of DNA damage in individual cells (1988) Experimental Cell Research, 175 (1), pp. 184-191Tavares, D.C., Munari, C.C., Araujo, M.G., Beltrame, M.C., Furtado, M.A., Goncalves, C.C., Antimutagenic potential of Solanum lycocarpum against induction of chromosomal aberrations in V79 cells and micronuclei in mice by doxorubicin (2011) Planta Medica, 77 (13), pp. 1489-1494Tice, R.R., Agurell, E., Anderson, D., Burlinson, B., Hartmann, A., Kobayashi, H., Single cell gel/comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing (2000) Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 35 (3), pp. 206-221Udani, J.K., Singh, B.B., Singh, V.J., Barrett, M.L., Effects of Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: A pilot study (2011) Nutrition Journal, 10, p. 45Vieira, P.M., Santos, S.C., Chen-Chen, L., Assessment of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of Solanum paniculatum L. extracts using in vivo micronucleus test in mice (2010) Brazilian Journal of Biology, 70 (3), pp. 601-606Waters, M.D., Brady, A.L., Stack, H.F., Brockman, H.E., Antimutagenicity profiles for some model compounds (1990) Mutation Research, 238 (1), pp. 57-85Williams, C.S., Mann, M., DuBois, R.N., The role of cyclooxygenases in inflammation, cancer, and development (1999) Oncogene, 18 (55), pp. 7908-7916Wolfsegger, M.J., Jaki, T., Dietrich, B., Kunzler, J.A., Barker, K., A note on statistical analysis of organ weights in non-clinical toxicological studies (2009) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 240 (1), pp. 117-12

Occurrence of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Leopoldo\u27s inlet (Ressaco do Leopoldo), upper Paran\ue1 River, Porto Rico, Paran\ue1, Brazil

Studies on the occurrence, temporal distribution and nychthemeral variation of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) were undertaken in Leopoldo's Inlet, upper Paraná River, Porto Rico, Paraná, Brazil. Seventeen thousand and sixty specimens (11,786 larvae and 5,274 juveniles) were captured with a conicalcylindrical plankton net of mesh 0.5mm in monthly samples between February 1991 and February 1992. Results show that the greatest densities of larvae (301.83 larvae/10m³) and juveniles (168.8/10m³) of this species were caught in December 1991. Largest captures were made during the night. With regard to abiotic factors water temperature ranged from 20º to 30ºC, pH ranged from 5.66 to 7.37 and electric conductivity ranged from 51.83 to 65.33µS/cm. Relationship between the density of larvae and juveniles and abiotic factors was calculated by the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) which revealed the influence of some limnological variables especially on the distribution of larvae

Spray pyrolysis synthesis and characterization of Mg1-xSrxMoO4 heterostructure with white light emission

[EN] Molybdates are inorganic materials with great potential in white phosphors application, being an alternative to traditional lighting sources. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of Mg1-xSrxMoO4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) powders with white light-emitting properties. Using X-ray diffraction, the formation of the monoclinic beta-MgMoO4 phase was observed for x = 0 and the formation of the tetragonal scheelite phase of SrMoO4 was observed for x = 1. The formation of a heterostructure composed of both phases was found for compositions with x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. Scanning and trasmission electron microscopy images showed that the Mg1-xSrxMoO4 particles exhibit a spherical morphology formed by several primary nanoparticles. Raman scattering spectroscopy enabled the accurate identification of the Raman modes for different compositions and their assignment to either the SrMoO4 or beta-MgMoO4 modes. The bandgap energies were determined to fluctuate between 4.25 eV and 4.44 eV, being influenced by the degree of structural disorder. The photoluminescence emission spectra of the nanoparticles showed neutral- and cool-white emission with high-quality white light (CRI > 80%). The samples synthesized with x <= 0.50 are potential materials for the application in LED lamps (6500 K) and pure white-light sources (5500 K).The authors thank the following Brazilian and Spanish research financing institutions for financial support: A.A.G. Santiago acknowledges financial support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development -CNPq, the Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM-UFRN) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) -Brazil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001. F.J.M. and D.E. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under Grants No. MAT2016-75586-C4-1/2-P and from the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant Prometeo/2018/123 - EFIMAT.Santiago, AAG.; Tranquilin, RL.; Botella, P.; Manjón, F.; Errandonea, D.; Paskocimas, CA.; Motta, FV.... (2020). Spray pyrolysis synthesis and characterization of Mg1-xSrxMoO4 heterostructure with white light emission. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 813:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152235S113813Gao, Z., Sun, P., Zhong, Y., Yu, R., & Deng, B. (2019). Eu3+-doped highly thermal-stable barium yttrium aluminate as a red-emitting phosphor for UV based white LED. Optics & Laser Technology, 111, 163-168. doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.09.026Zhong, J., Chen, X., Chen, D., Liu, M., Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Ji, Z. (2019). A novel rare-earth free red-emitting Li3Mg2SbO6:Mn4+ phosphor-in-glass for warm w-LEDs: Synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 773, 413-422. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.162Chen, J., Liu, Y., Mei, L., Liu, H., Fang, M., & Huang, Z. (2015). Crystal structure and Temperature-Dependent Luminescence Characteristics of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphor for White Light-emitting diodes. Scientific Reports, 5(1). doi:10.1038/srep09673Du, P., Guo, Y., Lee, S. H., & Yu, J. S. (2017). Broad near-ultraviolet and blue excitation band induced dazzling red emissions in Eu3+-activated Gd2MoO6 phosphors for white light-emitting diodes. RSC Advances, 7(6), 3170-3178. doi:10.1039/c6ra25652jFarooq, U., Zhao, Z., Sui, Z., Gao, C., Dai, R., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Tm3+/Dy3+/Eu3+ (Sm3+) tri-activated Y2WO6 as one potential single-phase phosphor for WLEDs. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 778, 942-950. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.091Humayoun, U. B., Kwon, S. B., Sami, S. K., & Yoon, D.-H. (2019). (NH4)3AlF6:Mn4+ a novel red phosphor – Facile synthesis, structure and luminescence characteristics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 776, 594-598. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.117Yi, S., Hu, X., Liang, B., Hu, G., Zhao, W., & Wang, Y. (2019). Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Sm3+/Eu3+) doped Na2NbAlO5 phosphors. Journal of Luminescence, 207, 105-113. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.11.007Hou, J., Pan, C., Chen, X., Zhao, G., Liu, Y., Li, Y., & Fang, Y. (2018). White-light-emitting from single-phased (Ca,Eu,Mn)9Al(PO4)7 phosphor with blue-white-yellow tunable luminescence properties for UV-based LEDs. Materials Technology, 34(3), 135-142. doi:10.1080/10667857.2018.1540331Iwaki, M., Kumagai, S., Konishi, S., Koizumi, A., Hasegawa, T., Uematsu, K., … Sato, M. (2019). Blue-yellow multicolor phosphor, Eu2+-activated Li3NaSiO4: Excellent thermal stability and quenching mechanism. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 776, 1016-1024. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.299Zheng, X., Ding, G., Wang, H., Cui, G., & Zhang, P. (2019). One-step hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots-polymer composites with solid-state photoluminescence. Materials Letters, 238, 22-25. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.11.147García-Tecedor, M., Bartolomé, J., Maestre, D., Trampert, A., & Cremades, A. (2018). Li2SnO3 branched nano- and microstructures with intense and broadband white-light emission. Nano Research, 12(2), 441-448. doi:10.1007/s12274-018-2236-0Wang, Z., Yang, Z., Yang, Z., Wei, Q., Zhou, Q., Ma, L., & Wang, X. (2018). Red Phosphor Rb2NbOF5:Mn4+ for Warm White Light-Emitting Diodes with a High Color-Rendering Index. Inorganic Chemistry, 58(1), 456-461. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02676Ezquerro, C., Fresta, E., Serrano, E., Lalinde, E., García-Martínez, J., Berenguer, J. R., & Costa, R. D. (2019). White-emitting organometallo-silica nanoparticles for sun-like light-emitting diodes. Materials Horizons, 6(1), 130-136. doi:10.1039/c8mh00578hSantiago, A. A. G., Almeida, C. R. R., Tranquilin, R. L., Nascimento, R. M., Paskocimas, C. A., Longo, E., … Bomio, M. R. D. (2018). Photoluminescent properties of the Ba1−xZnxMoO4 heterostructure obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Ceramics International, 44(4), 3775-3786. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.161Almeida, C. R. R., Lovisa, L. X., Santiago, A. A. G., Li, M. S., Longo, E., Paskocimas, C. A., … Bomio, M. R. D. (2017). One-step synthesis of CaMoO4: Eu3+ nanospheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28(22), 16867-16879. doi:10.1007/s10854-017-7605-zTavares, M. T. S., Melo, M. M., Araújo, V. D., Tranquilin, R. L., Almeida, C. R. R., Paskocimas, C. A., … Motta, F. V. (2016). Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity and white emission of CaIn 2 O 4 nanocrystals. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 658, 316-323. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.155Santiago, A. A. G., Fernandes, Y. L. R. L., Tranquilin, R. L., Longo, E., Paskocimas, C. A., Motta, F. V., & Bomio, M. R. D. (2019). Influence of Zn1-xCaxWO4 heterostructures synthesized by spray pyrolysis on photoluminescence property. Ceramics International, 45(17), 23256-23264. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.022Zheng, J., Song, F., Che, S., Li, W., Ying, Y., Yu, J., & Qiao, L. (2018). One step synthesis process for fabricating NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticle loaded porous carbon spheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Advanced Powder Technology, 29(6), 1474-1480. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2018.03.011Mao, S., Bao, R., Fang, D., & Yi, J. (2018). Facile synthesis of Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br) with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Advanced Powder Technology, 29(11), 2670-2677. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2018.07.016Zhao, X., Li, W., Kong, F., Chen, H., Wang, Z., Liu, S., & Jin, C. (2018). Carbon spheres derived from biomass residue via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for supercapacitors. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 219, 461-467. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.08.055Santiago, A. A. G., Lovisa, L. X., Medeiros, P. N., Li, M. S., Carreño, N. L. V., Longo, E., … Motta, F. V. (2019). Fast and simultaneous doping of Sr0.9−−−Ca0.1In2O4:(xEu3+, yTm3+, zTb3+) superstructure by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 56, 14-24. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.028Park, G. D., Hong, J. H., Lee, J.-K., & Kang, Y. C. (2019). Yolk–shell-structured microspheres composed of N-doped-carbon-coated NiMoO4 hollow nanospheres as superior performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale, 11(2), 631-638. doi:10.1039/c8nr08638aAhn, J. H., Park, G. D., Kang, Y. C., & Lee, J.-H. (2015). Phase-pure β-NiMoO4 yolk-shell spheres for high-performance anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 174, 102-110. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.149Wu, J. L., Wang, X., Peng, G. H., Liang, Z. H., & Wang, X. F. (2014). Spherical SrMoO4:Eu3+ Phosphors Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis. Advanced Materials Research, 924, 93-97. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.93Baqué, L., Vega-Castillo, J., Georges, S., Caneiro, A., & Djurado, E. (2013). Microstructural and electrical characterizations of tungsten-doped La2Mo2O9 prepared by spray pyrolysis. Ionics, 19(12), 1761-1774. doi:10.1007/s11581-013-0912-3Validžić, I. L., & Mitrić, M. (2012). Novel morphology of needle-Like nanoparticles of Na2Mo2O7 synthesized by using Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Materials Research, 16(1), 44-49. doi:10.1590/s1516-14392012005000142Ko, Y. N., Kang, Y. C., & Park, S. B. (2014). Superior cycling and rate performances of rattle-type CoMoO4 microspheres prepared by one-pot spray pyrolysis. RSC Advances, 4(34), 17873. doi:10.1039/c4ra01278jTan, Y., Luo, X., Mao, M., Shu, D., Shan, W., Li, G., & Guo, D. (2018). Optimization red emission of SrMoO4: Eu3+ via hydro-thermal co-precipitation synthesis using orthogonal experiment. Current Applied Physics, 18(11), 1403-1409. doi:10.1016/j.cap.2018.08.005Albohani, S., Minakshi Sundaram, M., & Laird, D. W. (2019). Egg shell membrane template stabilises formation of β-NiMoO4 nanowires and enhances hybrid supercapacitor behaviour. Materials Letters, 236, 64-68. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.034Raj, A. K. V., Prabhakar Rao, P., Sreena, T. S., & Aju Thara, T. R. (2018). Broad greenish-yellow luminescence in CaMoO4 by Si4+ acceptor doping as potential phosphors for white light emitting diode applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29(19), 16647-16653. doi:10.1007/s10854-018-9757-xPandey, I. R., Kim, H. J., & Kim, Y. D. (2017). Growth and characterization of Na2Mo2O7 crystal scintillators for rare event searches. Journal of Crystal Growth, 480, 62-66. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.09.031Huerta-Flores, A. M., Juárez-Ramírez, I., Torres-Martínez, L. M., Carrera-Crespo, J. E., Gómez-Bustamante, T., & Sarabia-Ramos, O. (2018). Synthesis of AMoO4 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) photocatalysts and their potential application for hydrogen evolution and the degradation of tetracycline in water. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 356, 29-37. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.029Errandonea, D., Santamaria-Perez, D., Achary, S. N., Tyagi, A. K., Gall, P., & Gougeon, P. (2011). High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of CdMoO4 and EuMoO4. Journal of Applied Physics, 109(4), 043510-043510-5. doi:10.1063/1.3553850Vilaplana, R., Gomis, O., Manjón, F. J., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Muñoz, A., Errandonea, D., … Tyagi, A. K. (2012). Raman scattering study of bulk and nanocrystalline PbMoO4 at high pressures. Journal of Applied Physics, 112(10), 103510. doi:10.1063/1.4765717Cornu, L., Jubera, V., Demourgues, A., Salek, G., & Gaudon, M. (2017). Luminescence properties and pigment properties of A-doped (Zn,Mg)MoO4 triclinic oxides (with A = Co, Ni, Cu or Mn). Ceramics International, 43(16), 13377-13387. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.040Ran, W., Wang, L., Yang, M., Kong, X., Qu, D., & Shi, J. (2017). Enhanced energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ ions relying on the criss-cross cluster structure in MgMoO4 phosphor. Journal of Luminescence, 192, 141-147. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.06.039Soni, A. K., & Mahata, M. K. (2017). Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence studies of Er3+-activated strontium molybdate for solid-state lighting and display applications. Materials Research Express, 4(12), 126201. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aa9a52Chun, F., Li, W., Zhang, B., Deng, W., Chu, X., Su, H., … Yang, W. (2018). Visible and near-infrared luminescent properties of Pr3+ doped strontium molybdate thin films by a facile polymer-assisted deposition process. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 531, 181-188. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.040Zhou, L.-Y., Wei, J.-S., Yi, L.-H., Gong, F.-Z., Huang, J.-L., & Wang, W. (2009). A promising red phosphor MgMoO4:Eu3+ for white light emitting diodes. Materials Research Bulletin, 44(6), 1411-1414. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.11.019Spasskii, D. A., Kolobanov, V. N., Mikhaĭlin, V. V., Berezovskaya, L. Y., Ivleva, L. I., & Voronina, I. S. (2009). Luminescence peculiarities and optical properties of MgMoO4 and MgMoO4:Yb crystals. Optics and Spectroscopy, 106(4), 556-563. doi:10.1134/s0030400x09040171Zhai, Y.-Q., Li, R.-F., Li, X., & Li, J.-H. (2015). Rapid synthesis and properties of color-tunable phosphors SrMoO4:Eu3+,Tb3+. Rare Metals, 36(10), 828-832. doi:10.1007/s12598-015-0518-1Chun, F., Zhang, B., Su, H., Osman, H., Deng, W., Deng, W., … Yang, W. (2017). Preparation and luminescent properties of self-organized broccoli-like SrMoO4: Pr3+ superparticles. Journal of Luminescence, 190, 69-75. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.05.028Wang, Y., Wu, W., Fu, X., Liu, M., Cao, J., Shao, C., & Chen, S. (2017). Metastable scheelite CdWO4:Eu3+ nanophosphors: Solvothermal synthesis, phase transitions and their polymorph-dependent luminescence properties. Dyes and Pigments, 147, 283-290. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.08.025Zhu, Y.-N., Zheng, G.-H., Dai, Z.-X., Mu, J.-J., & Yao, Z.-F. (2017). Mono-disperse SrMoO4 nanocrystals: Synthesis, luminescence and photocatalysis. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 33(8), 834-842. doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.03.008Paradelas, S. M. V., Gonçalves, R. F., Motta, F. V., Lima, R. C., Li, M. S., Longo, E., & Marques, A. P. de A. (2017). Effects of microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment and of use of capping reagent on the photophysical properties of SrMoO4 phosphors. Journal of Luminescence, 192, 818-826. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.08.016Zhu, D., Wang, C., & Jiang, F. (2017). Preparation and luminescent properties of Ba0.05Sr0.95MoO4: Tm3+ Dy3+ white-light phosphors. Journal of Luminescence, 192, 1235-1241. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.08.062Medeiros, P. N., Santiago, A. A. G., Ferreira, E. A. C., Li, M. S., Longo, E., Bomio, M. R. D., & Motta, F. V. (2018). Influence Ca-doped SrIn2O4 powders on photoluminescence property prepared one step by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 747, 1078-1087. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.090Toby, B. H. (2001). EXPGUI, a graphical user interface forGSAS. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 34(2), 210-213. doi:10.1107/s0021889801002242Rietveld, H. M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2(2), 65-71. doi:10.1107/s0021889869006558Gemmi, M., La Placa, M. G. I., Galanis, A. S., Rauch, E. F., & Nicolopoulos, S. (2015). Fast electron diffraction tomography. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 48(3), 718-727. doi:10.1107/s1600576715004604Errandonea, D., Kumar, R. S., Ma, X., & Tu, C. (2008). High-pressure X-ray diffraction study of SrMoO4 and pressure-induced structural changes. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181(2), 355-364. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2007.12.010Messing, G. L., Zhang, S.-C., & Jayanthi, G. V. (1993). Ceramic Powder Synthesis by Spray Pyrolysis. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 76(11), 2707-2726. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb04007.xMiller, P. J. (1971). The Raman spectra of MgMoO4. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, 27(7), 957-960. doi:10.1016/0584-8539(71)80178-2Coelho, M. N., Freire, P. T. C., Maczka, M., Luz-Lima, C., Saraiva, G. D., Paraguassu, W., … Pizani, P. S. (2013). High-pressure Raman scattering of MgMoO4. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 68, 34-39. doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2013.05.007Jayaraman, A., Wang, S. Y., Shieh, S. R., Sharma, S. K., & Ming, L. C. (1995). High-pressure Raman study of SrMoO4 up to 37 GPa and pressure-induced phase transitions. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 26(6), 451-455. doi:10.1002/jrs.1250260609Errandonea, D., Gracia, L., Lacomba-Perales, R., Polian, A., & Chervin, J. C. (2013). Compression of scheelite-type SrMoO4 under quasi-hydrostatic conditions: Redefining the high-pressure structural sequence. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(12), 123510. doi:10.1063/1.4798374Tolvaj, L., Mitsui, K., & Varga, D. (2010). Validity limits of Kubelka–Munk theory for DRIFT spectra of photodegraded solid wood. Wood Science and Technology, 45(1), 135-146. doi:10.1007/s00226-010-0314-xWood, D. L., & Tauc, J. (1972). Weak Absorption Tails in Amorphous Semiconductors. Physical Review B, 5(8), 3144-3151. doi:10.1103/physrevb.5.3144Lovisa, L. X., Oliveira, M. C., Andrés, J., Gracia, L., Li, M. S., Longo, E., … Motta, F. V. (2018). Structure, morphology and photoluminescence emissions of ZnMoO4: RE 3+=Tb3+ - Tm3+ - X Eu3+ (x = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mol%) particles obtained by the sonochemical method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 750, 55-70. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.394Pawlikowska, M., Fuks, H., & Tomaszewicz, E. (2017). Solid state and combustion synthesis of Mn2+-doped scheelites – Their optical and magnetic properties. Ceramics International, 43(16), 14135-14145. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.154Dutta, S., Som, S., Kunti, A. K., Kumar, V., Sharma, S. K., Swart, H. C., & Visser, H. G. (2017). Structural and luminescence responses of CaMoO4 nano phosphors synthesized by hydrothermal route to swift heavy ion irradiation: Elemental and spectral stability. Acta Materialia, 124, 109-119. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.002Gurgel, G. M., Lovisa, L. X., Pereira, L. M., Motta, F. V., Li, M. S., Longo, E., … Bomio, M. R. D. (2017). Photoluminescence properties of (Eu, Tb, Tm) co-doped PbMoO4 obtained by sonochemical synthesis. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 700, 130-137. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.409Panchal, V., Garg, N., Poswal, H. K., Errandonea, D., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Muñoz, A., & Cavalli, E. (2017). High-pressure behavior of CaMoO4. Physical Review Materials, 1(4). doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.1.043605Silva, M. M. S., Sena, M. S., Lopes-Moriyama, A. L., Souza, C. P., & Santos, A. G. (2018). Experimental planning of the synthesis of strontium molybdate by EDTA-citrate and its structural influence, morphology and optical bandgap. Ceramics International, 44(14), 16606-16614. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.06.087Wannapop, S., Thongtem, T., & Thongtem, S. (2013). Fabrication of MgMoO4–PVA and MgMoO4 fibrous webs via a direct high voltage electrospinning process. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 74(5), 677-681. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.01.002Zhang, L., He, W., Shen, K., Liu, Y., & Guo, S. (2018). Controllable synthesis of hierarchical MgMoO4 nanosheet-arrays and nano-flowers assembled with mesoporous ultrathin nanosheets. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 115, 215-220. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.12.047Lacomba-Perales, R., Ruiz-Fuertes, J., Errandonea, D., Martínez-García, D., & Segura, A. (2008). Optical absorption of divalent metal tungstates: Correlation between the band-gap energy and the cation ionic radius. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 83(3), 37002. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/83/37002Alencar, L. D. S., Mesquita, A., Feitosa, C. A. C., Balzer, R., Probst, L. F. D., Batalha, D. C., … Bernardi, M. I. B. (2017). Preparation, characterization and catalytic application of Barium molybdate (BaMoO 4 ) and Barium tungstate (BaWO 4 ) in the gas-phase oxidation of toluene. Ceramics International, 43(5), 4462-4469. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.096Abreu, M. F. C., Motta, F. V., Lima, R. C., Li, M. S., Longo, E., & Marques, A. P. de A. (2014). Effect of process parameters on photophysical properties and barium molybdate phosphors characteristics. Ceramics International, 40(5), 6719-6729. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.11.134Sczancoski, J. C., Cavalcante, L. S., Marana, N. L., da Silva, R. O., Tranquilin, R. L., Joya, M. R., … Andrés, J. (2010). Electronic structure and optical properties of BaMoO4 powders. Current Applied Physics, 10(2), 614-624. doi:10.1016/j.cap.2009.08.006Longo, V. M., Cavalcante, L. S., Paris, E. C., Sczancoski, J. C., Pizani, P. S., Li, M. S., … Varela, J. A. (2011). Hierarchical Assembly of CaMoO4 Nano-Octahedrons and Their Photoluminescence Properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115(13), 5207-5219. doi:10.1021/jp1082328Botelho, G., Nogueira, I. C., Moraes, E., & Longo, E. (2016). Study of structural and optical properties of CaMoO4 nanoparticles synthesized by the microwave-assisted solvothermal method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 183, 110-120. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.08.008Thongtem, T., Kungwankunakorn, S., Kuntalue, B., Phuruangrat, A., & Thongtem, S. (2010). Luminescence and absorbance of highly crystalline CaMoO4, SrMoO4, CaWO4 and SrWO4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method at room temperature. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 506(1), 475-481. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.07.033Longo, V. M., Cavalcante, L. S., de Figueiredo, A. T., Santos, L. P. S., Longo, E., Varela, J. A., … Hernandes, A. C. (2007). Highly intense violet-blue light emission at room temperature in structurally disordered SrZrO3 powders. Applied Physics Letters, 90(9), 091906. doi:10.1063/1.2709992Marques, V. S., Cavalcante, L. S., Sczancoski, J. C., Alcântara, A. F. P., Orlandi, M. O., Moraes, E., … Santos, M. R. M. C. (2010). Effect of Different Solvent Ratios (Water/Ethylene Glycol) on the Growth Process of CaMoO4 Crystals and Their Optical Properties. Crystal Growth & Design, 10(11), 4752-4768. doi:10.1021/cg100584bLongo, V.

CMS Physics Technical Design Report: Addendum on High Density QCD with Heavy Ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5\,{\rm TeV}$ , will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction \u2014 Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) \u2014 in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low- x ). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low p T inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high p T hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction