The ART of Life: IVF or Child Adoption?

This paper analyzes the effects of child adoption on the utilization of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the US. Using state-level longitudinal data for 1999-2006, we show that ART use is responsive to changes in adoption markets. Controlling for state-specific fixed effects, the estimated elasticity of ART cycles performed with respect to child adoptions is about -0.13 to -0.15. The responsiveness is higher when we consider infant adoptions, adoptions by older women, and international adoptions while there is no substitutability between ART and adoption of related children. Our findings suggest that public policies regarding adoption, including subsidies, influence ART use.child adoption, infertility treatment, assisted reproductive technology (ART), in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Income Inequality, Mobility, and the Welfare State: A Political Economy Model

In this paper, we set up a three-period stochastic overlapping generations model to analyze the implications of income inequality and mobility for demand for redistribution and social insurance. We model the size of two different public programs under the welfare state. We investigate bidimensional voting on the tax rates that determine the allocation of government revenues among transfer payments and old-age pensions. We show that the coalitions formed, the resulting political equilibria, and the demand for redistribution crucially depend on the level of income inequality and mobility.mobility, inequality, structure induced equilibrium, redistribution

Tax Incentives as a Solution to the Uninsured: Evidence from the Self-Employed

Between 1996 and 2003, a series of amendments were made to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 that gradually increased the tax deduction for health insurance purchases by the self-employed from 25 to 100 percent. We study how these changes have influenced the likelihood that a self-employed person has health insurance coverage as the policy holder. The Current Population Survey is used to construct a data set corresponding to 1995-2005. Both the difference-in-difference and price elasticity of demand estimates suggest that the series of tax deductions did not provide sufficient incentives for the self-employed to obtain health insurance coverage.Health insurance, self-employment, elasticity, CPS

Business Excellence And Organizational Commitment In Seasonal Hotels

This paper aims to set the critical link between organizational commitment and business excellence in seasonal hotels where the seasonal staffing is the matter in service offerings. Assuming the perceptual difference of permanent and seasonal managers and employees towards their companies, the level of their continuance commitment and perception of their business excellence were sought through a face-to-face questionnaire form at their workplaces. Differences between each group were analysed through t-test, Analysis of Variance, Tukey Honestly Significance Difference test (T-HSD). In order to clarify the link between groups and to create map, correspondence analysis was run. Findings show that business excellence perception makes difference on continuance commitment; permanent staff and managers have higher level of commitment. It can be concluded that managers of seasonal hotels should value and consider the whole workforces and should create business excellence if their goal is to perform better and make difference against their competitors.Organizational commitment, Business excellence, Seasonal hotels, Correspondence Analysis.

The Relationship of Median Age and Urban Population Rates to Infection and Mortality Rates in Covid-19 Outbreak

As of today, 6th of April 2020, the number of Covid-19 cases are 1 289 380. This study aims to prove the proportional relationship between median age and urban population rates to infection and mortailty rates in countries with more than 1 000 infected patients. Keywords: Covid-19, Median age, Urban Population DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-8-04 Publication date: April 30th 202

Self-Employment and the Role of Health Insurance

We investigate the effect of health insurance on labor market transitions in and out of self-employment as well as on the likelihood of being self-employed. We consider the role of individual health insurance coverage along with that from a spouse. Next, we examine a series of tax deductions granted to the self-employed through amendments made to the 1986 Tax Reform Act. Using data from the Current Population Survey for 1996-2007, we find significant but small effects of the after-tax health insurance premium on the entry rate, with no effect on exits from self-employment or the likelihood of being self-employed.health insurance, self-employment, CPS, ORG

Science mapping research on educational leadership and management in Turkey : a bibliometric review of international publications

Abstract: Over the past two decades, there have been significant efforts to investigate knowledge produc-tion in the field of educational leadership and management (EDLM) in non-Western contexts. Consistent with this effort, the present paper aims to identify the contribution of Turkish scholars to the international EDLM literature. More specifically, the review examined the volume, jour-nals, authors, types of papers, most frequently used keywords, citation impact, and co-citation networks of papers associated with Turkish EDLM scholars. Bibliometric methods were em-ployed to examine 313 papers published by Turkish scholars in internationally recognized jour-nals. The results show that while Turkish EDLM scholars have predominantly published in Tur-key-based journals, there has also been a substantial increase in the number of papers published in international journals in recent years. This literature is largely empirical with topical foci con-centrated on issues surrounding school leadership and organizational behavior. Author co-citation analysis identified three main Schools of Thought in the Turkish literature: Leadership for Learning, Leading Teachers, Administrative Behavior and Effects in Turkey. Several rec-ommendations are made in order to further develop EDLM field in both Turkey and other emerging countries

UTILIZATION OF NATURAL EMULSIFIERS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES TO FORMULATE EMULSION-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR HYDROPHOBIC NUTRACEUTICALS

There is increasing consumer demand for food products that are more natural, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Industry has responded by trying to identify natural alternatives to synthetic functional ingredients within these products. In this study, the ability of Maillard conjugation products, and several legume proteins were investigated to act as nature-derived or natural emulsifiers in oil-in-water emulsions fortified with hydrophobic nutraceuticals. Casein-coated oil droplets enriched with lutein were highly unstable to flocculation near their isoelectric point due to the reduction in electrostatic repulsion. However, casein-dextran-coated droplets were stable, which was attributed to strong steric repulsion by the dextran moiety. The casein-coated droplets were unstable to aggregation in the gastric phase of a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whereas the casein-dextran-coated ones were still stable, which was again attributed to increased steric repulsion. Emulsifier type did not strongly influence lutein bioaccessibility. Pea, lentil, and faba bean protein concentrates all proved to be effective emulsifiers for forming and stabilizing 10 wt% oil-in-water emulsions produced by high-pressure homogenization. The droplet size decreased with increasing emulsifier concentration, and relatively small oil droplets (d \u3c 0.3 mm) could be formed. Lentil protein-coated droplets were the most stable to environmental stresses such as pH, ionic strength and temperature changes. Our results showed that there were no significant differences in the free fatty acid release in the small intestine phase among these systems and a whey protein-stabilized emulsion, with the emulsified lipids being rapidly and fully digested in all cases. Overall the emulsions formed using whey protein, that had smaller particle sizes than the others, were slightly more stable to lipid oxidation during the period of storage. Blocking the free sulfhydryl groups of proteins did not affect their ability to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsion systems. These results have important implications for the production of functional foods and beverages from natural plant-based ingredients and Maillard conjugates that can improve the stability of emulsions without adversely affecting the bioaccessibility of the bioactive agent

The powerful association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Objectives: Idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (IRPL) is one of the most troublesome complications of pregnancy. Several researches were also conducted to search the possible association with ACE I/D polymorphism and IRPL. In the light of these reports, this case-control study was investigated to genotypes and alleles of ACE I/D polymorphism in IRPL group and control group.Material and methods: Overall, 1176 subjects (1007 cases, 169 controls) were investigated. Allele genotype distributions were determined by PCR method in both groups. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies between groups were investigated by Pearson chi-square tests. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were also determined.Results: For the ACE I/D polymorphism I and D allele frequencies were in the control and case groups respectively; 49.4 and 41.6%, 50.6 and 58.4%. The genotypes of ACE for I/D observed in control and case group respectively were as follows; II (27.2 and 17.9), ID (44.4 and 47.4) and DD (28.4 and 34.7). Regarding the distribution of D allele and genotypes containing D allele, we observed significant statistical differences between case and control groups.Conclusions: Our results showed that the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with IRPL, and that women that carried DD or ID genotypes had a 72% elevated risk of developing IRPL than women with the II genotype (OR (95% CI): 1.72 (1.181–2.5)). This odds ratio was found to be 1.61 in a case-control study and 1.28 in a meta-analysis study compiling 11 separate studies, which is consistent with our study data