Estudos sistemáticos em Bredemeyera Willd

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Floriano Barêa PastoreCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Renato GoldenbergDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 10/08/2018Inclui referênciasResumo: Bredemeyera Willd. é um dos 27 gêneros da família Polygalaceae (ca. de 1.200 espécies). O gênero Bredemeyera s.str., como aqui delimitado, é reconhecido com 13 espécies e distribuição neotropical, desde o México até o nordeste do Paraguai. Este gênero ocorre em todas as regiões do Brasil, exceto no extremo sul do país, ou seja, nos Estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. O gênero é aqui reconhecido pelas seguintes características morfológicas: lianas lenhosas a pequenos arbustos, com flores com cinco sépalas, sendo três externas e duas internas petalóides; a corola é formada por 5 pétalas duas laterais, a carena, e duas pelas rudimentares; os frutos são cápsulas loculicidas e a sementes apresentam um arilo pequeno do qual partem longos tricomas que ultrapassam o comprimento da própria semente. Esta dissertação é apresentada em três capítulos: o primeiro é uma revisão taxonômica do gênero Bredemeyera s.str., o segundo capítulo apresenta duas novas espécies, B. atlantica M.Mota & J.F.B.Pastore e B. petiolata M.Mota & J.F.B.Pastore (artigo publicado em 2018 na revista Phytotaxa) e por fim, o terceiro capítulo, que trata da delimitação do gênero Bredemeyera, incluindo a segregação do gênero monotípico Ramphopetalum J.F.B.Pastore & Mota e o reestabelecimento dos gêneros Hualania Phil. e Monrosia Grondona (em processo de revisão na revista Taxon). Palavras chave: Neotrópicos, sistemática, Fabales, filogenia molecular, espécie nova.Abstract: Bredemeyera Willd. is one of the 27 genera in the family Polygalaceae (ca. 1,200 species). The genus Bredemeyera s.str., as delimited here, is recognized with 13 species and neotropical distribution, from Mexico to northeast Paraguay. This genus occurs in all regions of Brazil, except the extreme south, in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. This genus is here recognized by the following morphological features: woody lianas to small shrubs, flowers with five sepals, being three external and two internal, petaloid (wings); the corolla has five petals, being two lateral, the keel, and two rudimentary ones; the fruits are loculicidal capsules with small aryled seed, and the aryl has long trichomes, which are longer than the seed itself. The present thesis comprises three chapters: 1. Taxonomic revision of the genus Bredemeyera s.str.; 2. Two new species, B. atlantica M.Mota & J.F.B.Pastore and B. petiolata M.Mota & J.F.B.Pastore (article published in 2018 in Phytotaxa ); 3. Generic delimitation of Bredemeyera, including the segregation of the monotypic genus Ramphopetalum J.F.B.Pastore & Mota and the reestablishment of the genera Hualania Phil. and Monrosia Grondona (under review in Taxon). Key words: Neotropical, systematic, Fabales, molecular phylogeny, new species

Checklist de uma área candidata a RPPN no município de Curitibanos, SC

Artigo apresentado na forma de "banner" na Primeira Mostra Científica e Tecnológica da UFSC CuritibanosEstudo florístico (checklist) de Angiospermas em uma área candidata à Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) no município de Curitibanos (Santa Catarina). A área de estudo está inserida no bioma Mata Atlântica (assim como a própria região do Contestado no Oeste de Santa Catarina), com vegetação nativa composta predominantemente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista e uma pequena área de campo limpo rupestre incrustrada. Esta área possui ca. de 10.000 m², a qual está há vinte anos em processo de regeneração natural. Como resultado, são apresentados: um mapa da localidade estudada e o inventário das espécies nativas que ocorrem na área. Os táxons encontrados foram avaliados pela abrangência de sua ocorrência (raridade e endemicidade), seguindo a base de dados da Flora do Brasil e os dados disponíveis em levantamento bibliográficos do seu status conservação (seguindo os critérios da IUCN). Os dados compilados foram confrontados com os levantamentos florísticos similares na região e uma discussão sobre a prioridade desta área para conservação é apresentada

Lamiaceae in the Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The Serra Negra is part of the Mantiqueira mountain range in the Atlantic Florest. With altitudes between 800 and 1,650 m and a vegetation mosaic composed primarily of “campo rupestre” on quartzitic rock outcrops and cloud forest assemblages. The Lamiaceae is represented in the Serra Negra by 10 genera and 17 species: Aegiphila integrifolia, Cantinoa carpinifolia, C. macrotera, C. muricata, Eriope macrostachya, Hoehnea scutellarioides, Hyptidendron asperrimum, Hyptis lanceolata, H. monticola, H. radicans, Mesosphaerum sidifolium, M. suaveolens, Rhabdocaulon coccineum, Salvia arenaria, S. viscida, Vitex polygama and V. sellowiana. This study includes a identification key for all taxa, species descriptions, geographical and taxonomic notes.A Serra Negra está inserida na área do Complexo da Serra da Mantiqueira, no domínio da Mata Atlântica, com altitudes entre 800 e 1.650 m, com vegetação em mosaico representada, entre outros, por campos rupestres em afloramentos quartzíticos e floresta nebulares. A família Lamiaceae (Labiatae) está representada na Serra Negra por 10 gêneros e 17 espécies: Aegiphila integrifolia, Cantinoa carpinifolia, C. macrotera, C. muricata, Eriope macrostachya, Hoehnea scutellarioides, Hyptidendron asperrimum, Hyptis lanceolata, H. monticola, H. radicans, Mesosphaerum sidifolium, M. suaveolens, Rhabdocaulon coccineum, Salvia arenaria, S. viscida, Vitex polygama e V. sellowiana. São aqui apresentadas chave de identificação para todos os táxons, descrições para as espécies, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos

Play, Learn, and Teach Outdoors—Network (PLaTO-Net): terminology, taxonomy, and ontology

Background: A recent dialogue in the feld of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as “PLaTO” hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the feld evolves and diversifes in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in diferent countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes under‑taken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net). Methods: This project comprised of four major methodological phases. First, a systematic scoping review was conducted to identify common terms and defnitions used pertaining to PLaTO. Second, based on the results of the scoping review, a draft set of key terms, taxonomy, and ontology were developed, and shared with PLaTO members, who provided feedback via four rounds of consultation. Third, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy, and ontology were then fnalized based on the feedback received from 50 international PLaTO member participants who responded to≥3 rounds of the consultation survey and dialogue. Finally, eforts to share and disseminate project outcomes were made through diferent online platforms. Results: This paper presents the fnal defnitions and taxonomy of 31 PLaTO terms along with the PLaTO-Net ontol‑ogy model. The model incorporates other relevant concepts in recognition that all the aspects of the model are interrelated and interconnected. The fnal terminology, taxonomy, and ontology are intended to be applicable to, and relevant for, all people encompassing various identities (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity, ability). Conclusions: This project contributes to advancing PLaTO-based research and facilitating intersectoral and inter‑disciplinary collaboration, with the long-term goal of fostering and strengthening PLaTO’s synergistic linkages with healthy living, environmental stewardship, climate action, and planetary health agendas. Notably, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy and ontology will continue to evolve, and PLaTO-Net is committed to advancing and periodically updating harmonized knowledge and understanding in the vast and interrelated areas of PLaTO

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden