Profiles of resilient psychosocial function during three isolated ski expeditions in the High Arctic

To successfully complete a Polar expedition individuals and teams must respond resiliently to the environmental, psychological, and social demands they face. In this study we examined profiles of resilient function in seven people from three expeditions in the High Arctic. Using a structured daily diary, participants reported on experiences of physical health (morning and evening), affect, team cohesion, performance, and potential explanatory factors including sleep, demand appraisals, events, and coping strategies. Notable intra- and inter-individual variability was observed in daily reports and all profiles could be interpreted as representing resilient function. A number of significant relationships were found between markers of resilient physical and psychosocial function and potential explanatory variables. For example, there was much more daily variability in an individual's reporting of positive affect than prior research might imply, and what prior research designs could capture. Further, while negative affect tended to remain low and stable, our findings reveal that even minor and infrequent increases in negative emotions were significantly associated with other variables in the network. Finally, across the expedition period individual coping resources consistently exceeded demands, suggesting that individuals viewed the expedition as a challenge and not a threat. More broadly, these findings inform efforts to monitor, and maintain resilience when operating in Polar and other extreme settings.</p

Motivated to Feel Better and Doing Something About It: Cross-Cultural Differences in Motivated Emotion Regulation During Covid-19

Emotion regulation is linked to adaptive psychological outcomes. To engage in such regulation, people must be motivated to do it. Given that people in different countries vary in how they think about unpleasant emotions, we expected motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions to differ across countries. Furthermore, given that emotion regulation strategies operate in the service of motivation, we expected people who are less motivated to decrease unpleasant emotions to use emotion regulation strategies less across countries. To test these predictions, we conducted two studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Study 1 in 2020 (N = 1,329) and Study 2 in 2021 (N = 1,279). We assessed the motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions and the use of emotion regulation strategies among members of East Asian countries (i.e., Japan, South Korea, and China) and Western countries (i.e., USA, UK, and Germany). Because we found substantial variation within these two broader cultural categories, we examined motivation and overall strategy use in emotion regulation at the country level. In both studies, motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions was the lowest in Japan and relatively high in the United States. As expected, across countries, weaker motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions was associated with using emotion regulation strategies less. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding cultural differences in motivated emotion regulation

A FEA simulation study on impeller failures considering various materials

This work focuses on various FEA simulations conducted to study the behaviour of six impeller materials in order to predict their failures. It is through analysing the various stresses, strains and safety factor during its operation. Two static structural simulations were performed to (i) benchmark common impeller materials namely FV520B, 316 L and 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steels, and (ii) to investigate three proposed alternative materials namely duplex stainless-steel, nickel aluminium bronze (NAB) and cast iron. After this, explicit dynamic simulation was undertaken to study the same benchmarked impeller materials. Failures and large stress concentrations occurring at the blade-hub leading and trailing edge interface were predicted which has been found to be consistent with some cases outlined in relevant literature. Similarly, trend has also been predicted at the trailing edge of the discharge side of the impeller. Specifically, FV520B was found to withstand the application of the combined rotational and aerodynamic load, for both static and dynamic simulations. Of the three alternative materials investigated, duplex stainless-steel was the only one to satisfy the failure criteria. From static and dynamic simulation of each material, the operation aerodynamic load was found to have little effect on the resultant stress and strain responses. This is consistent with many FEA simulations of impellers seen in literature, wherein the aerodynamic load is often simplified or neglected completely. In both the simulations of benchmark materials, the material data available to the solver greatly impacted the magnitude and behaviour of the material's stress/strain response.</p

Nurturing a Climate of Innovation in a Didactic Educational System:A Case Study Exploring Leadership in Private Schools in Turkey

Major economic, social, and technological changes in the twenty-first century require a transformation in the everyday practices that educational institutions use to train future innovators. Through a case study on five schools within a network of private schools in Istanbul, Turkey, we explore how school principals and teachers nurture an innovation climate in their schools. Using methodological triangulation that combines semi-structured interviews, participant observation, interactive training sessions, and archival data, we identify four leadership practices that shape a climate conducive to innovation in these schools: a) fostering the creativity of the members of school society or community, b) developing a collaborative learning ecosystem, c) encouraging innovative teaching through online collaborative learning spaces and ICT, and d) empowering teachers to generate an adaptable curriculum in a flexible work environment. Findings indicate the significance of building a collaborative ecosystem that enables a separation or departure from the mainstream traditional and test-oriented education system in Turkey, which in turn inspires the creativity of teachers and students in the fabric of daily school life

Design and implementation of an automatic nursing assessment system based on CDSS technology

BACKGROUND: Various quantitative and quality assessment tools are currently used in nursing to evaluate a patient's physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic status. The results play important roles in evaluating the efficiency of healthcare, improving the treatment plans, and lowing relevant clinical risks. However, the manual process of the assessment imposes a substantial burden and can lead to errors in digitalization. To fill these gaps, we proposed an automatic nursing assessment system based on clinical decision support system (CDSS). The framework underlying the CDSS included experts, evaluation criteria, and voting roles for selecting electronic assessment sheets over paper ones.METHODS: We developed the framework based on an expert voting flow to choose electronic assessment sheets. The CDSS was constructed based on a nursing process workflow model. A multilayer architecture with independent modules was used. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by comparing the adverse events' incidence and the average time for regular daily assessment before and after the implementation.RESULTS: After implementation of the system, the adverse nursing events' incidence decreased significantly from 0.43 % to 0.37 % in the first year and further to 0.27 % in the second year (p-value: 0.04). Meanwhile, the median time for regular daily assessments further decreased from 63 s to 51 s.CONCLUSIONS: The automatic assessment system helps to reduce nurses' workload and the incidence of adverse nursing events.</p

Are there associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with preschoolers' executive function?

Preschool children spend a large part of their day at school, and a large part of that time they spend in sedentary time. Although sedentary time negatively affects regions of the brain responsible for cognition, it is believed that the type of sedentary time performed can favor executive functions' performance. The present study explored the associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with executive function (EF) tasks in preschoolers. Seventy-three preschool children (60% girls; 55.0 ± 9.1 months of age) were objectively assessed for sedentary time and physical activity (PA) using accelerometers (wGT3X). EF was evaluated using the Go/No-Go paradigm through the Early Years Toolbox - YET. Go's inverse efficiency (IE) and the No-Go accuracy were analyzed. To establish possible associations between EF and sedentary time, a structural equation model was conducted after adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. A significant and positive association between sedentary time on weekend days and IE (b = 0.61;

Three idiosyncratic registers

This paper outlines three public academic registers of a single author, Professor Donna Rose Miller. Miller has had significant impact on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) community, particularly but by no means exclusively in Europe, through her contributions to discussion lists, through her involvement on the European SFL Association (ESFLA) committee, and through her numerous publications. Texts from these three strands form the focus of the analysis of her idiosyncratic registers in this paper

Trust and public sector work:How public service motivation helps explain multi-level trust relations

This chapter explores the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and trust within public organisations. It provides an overview of the existing literature, structuring this around the interpersonal, intergroup, and organisational levels of analysis. The review points to a reciprocal relationship between trust and PSM, highlighting shared theoretical foundations and empirical insights across these two concepts, such as the importance of aligned values and common ground. The challenges and barriers in cultivating PSM and trust are considered within the context of contemporary public sector work, and avenues for further research outlined, namely that of cross-level trickle effects

Worldviews, religious literacy and interfaith readiness: Bridging the gap between school and university

This briefing paper presents findings from academic research that explores the relationships between UK university students’ religious literacy, their experiences of religious education (RE) at school, and what we call their ‘interfaith learning and development’, a multidimensional concept representing students’ ability to engage with, and relate across, religion and worldview difference. This research represents the first step in exploring how different types of RE might prepare students for the challenges of university, in which they are often faced with a variety of identities different from their own. This briefing is based on data collected from a national sample of UK university as part of the 'Building Positive Relationships among University Students across Religion and Worldview Diversity' project

Naturalisation

In general, there are two ways to become and be a citizen. The first is to acquire citizenship through ius sanguinis (through familial relations) or through ius terris (through birth in a country such as the United States). Alternatively, for those who may not fit into either of these categories, naturalisation is possible. This is often the case for migrants who enter a new country where citizenship is not passed through previous generations of family or where being born in the country is not an option. Thus, naturalisation and migration control are tightly linked. This entry explores, first, naturalisation within the context of citizenship becoming further culturalized as a means of protection for host countries. Second, it also discusses the ‘skilling’ of citizenship and immigration policy through the use of points-based systems to judge competencies and human capital suited to the demands of the knowledge-based economy and communitarian social cohesion. Third, this contribution analyses the ‘securitising’ of citizenship, to stem mobility and counter extremism by demanding adhesion to ‘national values’. Future research should go beyond the well-known cases in Europe and North America