A FEA simulation study on impeller failures considering various materials

This work focuses on various FEA simulations conducted to study the behaviour of six impeller materials in order to predict their failures. It is through analysing the various stresses, strains and safety factor during its operation. Two static structural simulations were performed to (i) benchmark common impeller materials namely FV520B, 316 L and 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steels, and (ii) to investigate three proposed alternative materials namely duplex stainless-steel, nickel aluminium bronze (NAB) and cast iron. After this, explicit dynamic simulation was undertaken to study the same benchmarked impeller materials. Failures and large stress concentrations occurring at the blade-hub leading and trailing edge interface were predicted which has been found to be consistent with some cases outlined in relevant literature. Similarly, trend has also been predicted at the trailing edge of the discharge side of the impeller. Specifically, FV520B was found to withstand the application of the combined rotational and aerodynamic load, for both static and dynamic simulations. Of the three alternative materials investigated, duplex stainless-steel was the only one to satisfy the failure criteria. From static and dynamic simulation of each material, the operation aerodynamic load was found to have little effect on the resultant stress and strain responses. This is consistent with many FEA simulations of impellers seen in literature, wherein the aerodynamic load is often simplified or neglected completely. In both the simulations of benchmark materials, the material data available to the solver greatly impacted the magnitude and behaviour of the material's stress/strain response.</p

Insight into the corrosion resistance of Mo-added NiCrBSi coating in simulated waste incineration environment

The corrosion resistance of Ni40AA and Ni40AA-Mo coatings on 304SS substrate was evaluated in molten NaCl-Na2SO4-KCl-K2SO4 salts at 600 ℃. In the oxidizing-chloridizing environment, results showed that Cr or Cr-rich oxides would react with molten salts and generate chlorides or chromates (Na2Cr2O4; K2CrO4). After adding Mo, the dissolved Cr in soluble corrosion products was significantly reduced. Mo substituted Cr to react with molten salts and reduced the depletion of Cr, which benefited the accumulation of Cr-rich oxides. Therefore, adding Mo enhanced the corrosion resistance of Ni40AA, reducing the corrosion weight gain by approx. 50% and the thickness loss by 1/3

Three idiosyncratic registers

This paper outlines three public academic registers of a single author, Professor Donna Rose Miller. Miller has had significant impact on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) community, particularly but by no means exclusively in Europe, through her contributions to discussion lists, through her involvement on the European SFL Association (ESFLA) committee, and through her numerous publications. Texts from these three strands form the focus of the analysis of her idiosyncratic registers in this paper

Are there associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with preschoolers' executive function?

Preschool children spend a large part of their day at school, and a large part of that time they spend in sedentary time. Although sedentary time negatively affects regions of the brain responsible for cognition, it is believed that the type of sedentary time performed can favor executive functions' performance. The present study explored the associations between sedentary time inside and outside preschools with executive function (EF) tasks in preschoolers. Seventy-three preschool children (60% girls; 55.0 ± 9.1 months of age) were objectively assessed for sedentary time and physical activity (PA) using accelerometers (wGT3X). EF was evaluated using the Go/No-Go paradigm through the Early Years Toolbox - YET. Go's inverse efficiency (IE) and the No-Go accuracy were analyzed. To establish possible associations between EF and sedentary time, a structural equation model was conducted after adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. A significant and positive association between sedentary time on weekend days and IE (b = 0.61;

10 Years on with French Arbitration Law Reform: Does the Judicial Control Frustrate or Facilitate the Enforcement of Arbitral Awards?

French arbitration law reform started since 2011 by Decree No 2011-48 to implement changes to the Civil Code of Procedure governing arbitration with the aims to enhance efficiency in the arbitral process and enforcement of arbitral awards to make French arbitration law more accessible to practitioners worldwide. Although the reform is a good step toward making French arbitration law more accessible, the recent decisions in Sorelec v. State of Libya demonstrated an increased willingness and a tendency for judicial control on arbitration. The findings indicate that although the Decree has a potential thrust to reinforce the pro-arbitration philosophy of French law with a court system that supporting the enforcement of arbitral awards, however, the reform does not prepare or consider the development of case law for future judgments in French arbitration law. The questions remain: To what extent is the Decree affecting the pro-enforcement approach of French arbitration? Has the Decree succeeded in preserving the delicate and complex balance between judicial assistance and interference in the arbitration context? This article critically assesses the extent to which the judicial control under the Decree facilitates the enforcement of arbitral award

Nurturing a Climate of Innovation in a Didactic Educational System::A Case Study Exploring Leadership in Private Schools in Turkey

Major economic, social, and technological changes in the twenty-first century require a transformation in the everyday practices that educational institutions use to train future innovators. Through a case study on five schools within a network of private schools in Istanbul, Turkey, we explore how school principals and teachers nurture an innovation climate in their schools. Using methodological triangulation that combines semi-structured interviews, participant observation, interactive training sessions, and archival data, we identify four leadership practices that shape a climate conducive to innovation in these schools: a) fostering the creativity of the members of school society or community, b) developing a collaborative learning ecosystem, c) encouraging innovative teaching through online collaborative learning spaces and ICT, and d) empowering teachers to generate an adaptable curriculum in a flexible work environment. Findings indicate the significance of building a collaborative ecosystem that enables a separation or departure from the mainstream traditional and test-oriented education system in Turkey, which in turn inspires the creativity of teachers and students in the fabric of daily school life

Unveiling the black swan of the finance‐growth Nexus:Assumptions and preliminary evidence of virtuous and unvirtuous cycles

Empirical evidence behind the nature of the finance-growth nexus and mediating drivers behind this association is well documented in the literature. However, a framework that depicts the association between credit creation, financial innovation and endogenous creation of boom-bust cycles is less evident and the gap between empirical research and theoretical development remains. Hence, this study represents a first attempt to provide a framework that could explain the switch of economic cycles from virtuous to unvirtuous and vice versa. We examine the role of financial innovation and identify its “hidden soul” defined as the rate of financial innovation (RoFIN). We study RoFIN together with other structural factors, such as monopolistic financial power concentration and financial deregulation in the creation of what we identify as the wealth trap, as a potential mediating factor behind the creation of virtuous and unvirtuous cycles. A cross-country statistical exercise using the VUC indicator on the United States, United Kingdom, and Euro area economies shows the exponential effect of the rate of financial innovation over time and provides indicative evidence in support of our framework. Finally, we report that the indicator is better able to identify the unvirtuous cycle stages than the traditionally used Credit-to-GDP ratio

Trust and public sector work:How public service motivation helps explain multi-level trust relations

This chapter explores the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and trust within public organisations. It provides an overview of the existing literature, structuring this around the interpersonal, intergroup, and organisational levels of analysis. The review points to a reciprocal relationship between trust and PSM, highlighting shared theoretical foundations and empirical insights across these two concepts, such as the importance of aligned values and common ground. The challenges and barriers in cultivating PSM and trust are considered within the context of contemporary public sector work, and avenues for further research outlined, namely that of cross-level trickle effects

Worldviews, religious literacy and interfaith readiness: Bridging the gap between school and university

This briefing paper presents findings from academic research that explores the relationships between UK university students’ religious literacy, their experiences of religious education (RE) at school, and what we call their ‘interfaith learning and development’, a multidimensional concept representing students’ ability to engage with, and relate across, religion and worldview difference. This research represents the first step in exploring how different types of RE might prepare students for the challenges of university, in which they are often faced with a variety of identities different from their own. This briefing is based on data collected from a national sample of UK university as part of the 'Building Positive Relationships among University Students across Religion and Worldview Diversity' project

Wall Permeability Estimation in Automotive Particulate Filters

Porous wall permeability is one of the most critical factors for the estimation of backpressure, a key performance indicator in automotive particulate filters. Current experimental and analytical filter models could be calibrated to predict the permeability of a specific filter. However, they fail to provide a reliable estimation for the dependence of the permeability on key parameters such as wall porosity and pore size.This study presents a novel methodology for experimentally determining the permeability of filter walls. The results from four substrates with different porosities and pore sizes are compared with several popular permeability estimation methods (experimental and analytical), and their validity for this application is assessed. It is shown that none of the assessed methods predict all permeability trends for all substrates, for cold or hot flow, indicating that other wall properties besides porosity and pore size are important.The hot flow test results show an increase in permeability with temperature, which is attributed to the effects associated with slip-flow. It is shown that the slip-effect magnitude also varies with the filter wall properties. Existing models that account for the effect of slip are assessed and are shown to underpredict the effect considerably for all four substrates. This is important for the prediction of through-wall losses in applications where permeability increase with temperature is a desirable effect. Further investigation is needed to consider the effect of the high temperatures in exhaust applications