Mapping household direct energy consumption in the United Kingdom to provide a new perspective on energy justice

Targets for reductions in carbon emissions and energy use are often framed solely in terms of percentage reductions. However, the amount of energy used by households varies greatly, with some using considerably more than others and, therefore, potentially being able to make a bigger contribution towards overall reductions. Using two recently released UK datasets based on combined readings from over 70 million domestic energy meters and vehicle odometers, we present exploratory analyses of patterns of direct household energy usage. Whilst much energy justice work has previously focussed on energy vulnerability, mainly in low consumers, our findings suggest that a minority of areas appear to be placing much greater strain on energy networks and environmental systems than they need. Households in these areas are not only the most likely to be able to afford energy efficiency measures to reduce their impacts, but are also found to have other capabilities that would allow them to take action to reduce consumption (such as higher levels of income, education and particular configurations of housing type and tenure). We argue that these areas should therefore be a higher priority in the targeting of policy interventions

Study of the structure of the Hoyle state by refractive α-scattering

α + 12C elastic and inelastic to the Hoyle state (0+ 2, 7.65 MeV) differential cross-sections were measured at the energies 60 and 65 MeV with the aim of testing the microscopic wave function [1] widely used in modern structure calculations of 12C. Deep rainbow (Airy) minima were observed in all four curves. The minima in the inelastic angular distributions are shifted to the larger angles relatively those in the elastic ones, which testify the radius enhancement of the Hoyle state. In general, the DWBA calculations failed to reproduce the details of the cross sections in the region of the rainbow minima in the inelastic scattering data. However, by using the phenomenological density with rms radius equal 2.9 fm, we can reproduce the Airy minimum positions.peerReviewe

CMS : the TriDAS Project Technical Design Report; v.1, the Trigger Systems

CM

CMS Physics Technical Design Report: Addendum on High Density QCD with Heavy Ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5\,{\rm TeV}$ , will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction \u2014 Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) \u2014 in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low- x ). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low p T inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high p T hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction