Internal security and military power: counterinsurgency and civic action in Latin America

(print) ix, 338 p. ; 22 cm"A Publication of the Mershon Center for Education in National Security."Introduction 3 -- Arena of Decisions : The Early 1960's 13 -- Development of a Doctrine : Civic Action 53 -- Administrative and Planning Agencies : A Program without a Bureaucracy 91 -- Training 141 -- Civic Action and Counterinsurgency 179 -- Armies for Progress? 217 -- Appendixes -- A. Illegal and Unscheduled Changes of Heads of State, 1930-1965, by Country (Part I) and by Year (Part II) 249 -- B. U.S. National Objectives Relating to Overseas Internal Defense 266 -- C. Resolution III on Military Co-operation of 1951 Meeting of Foreign Ministers 268 -- D. Resolution XLVII of the Inter-American Defense Board (1960), on the Contribution of Armed Services to Economic and Social Development 271 -- E. Resolution II of Punta del Este (1962), the Eighth Meeting of Foreign Ministers, on Subversive International Communism 273 -- F. Precis of the Counterinsurgency Course (1963), the Special Warfare School, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 275 -- G. Texts of a Military Assistance Agreement of the Military Mission Agreement, and of Exchanges of Notes on Internal Security 277 -- H. "Problem Areas" : An Excerpt from "Military Civic Action," Prepared by the Department of the Army 296 -- I. Text of Resolutions Regarding the Dominican Republic (1965), Adopted by the Tenth Meeting of Consultation of Foreign Ministers (Inter-American Peace Force) 299 -- A Selected Bibliography 309 -- Index 33

Chronic insulin treatment of diabetes does not fully normalize alterations in the retinal transcriptome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working age adults. Approximately 95% of patients with Type 1 diabetes develop some degree of retinopathy within 25 years of diagnosis despite normalization of blood glucose by insulin therapy. The goal of this study was to identify molecular changes in the rodent retina induced by diabetes that are not normalized by insulin replacement and restoration of euglycemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The retina transcriptome (22,523 genes and transcript variants) was examined after three months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats with and without insulin replacement for the later one and a half months of diabetes. Selected gene expression changes were confirmed by qPCR, and also examined in independent control and diabetic rats at a one month time-point.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Transcriptomic alterations in response to diabetes (1376 probes) were clustered according to insulin responsiveness. More than half (57%) of diabetes-induced mRNA changes (789 probes) observed at three months were fully normalized to control levels with insulin therapy, while 37% of probes (514) were only partially normalized. A small set of genes (5%, 65 probes) was significantly dysregulated in the insulin-treated diabetic rats. qPCR confirmation of findings and examination of a one month time point allowed genes to be further categorized as prevented or rescued with insulin therapy. A subset of genes (Ccr5, Jak3, Litaf) was confirmed at the level of protein expression, with protein levels recapitulating changes in mRNA expression.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results provide the first genome-wide examination of the effects of insulin therapy on retinal gene expression changes with diabetes. While insulin clearly normalizes the majority of genes dysregulated in response to diabetes, a number of genes related to inflammatory processes, microvascular integrity, and neuronal function are still altered in expression in euglycemic diabetic rats. Gene expression changes not rescued or prevented by insulin treatment may be critical to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, as it occurs in diabetic patients receiving insulin replacement, and are prototypical of metabolic memory.</p

Elastic photoproduction of rho0 mesons at HERA

The cross section for the elastic photoproduction of \r0 mesons ($\gamma p \to \rho^0 p$) has been measured with the H1 detector at HERA for two average photon-proton centre-of-mass energies of 55 and 187 GeV. TheFcenterline lower energy point was measured by observing directly the $\rho^{0}$ decay giving a cross section of 9.1\pm 0.9 (\stat)\pm 2.5 (\syst) \mub. The logarithmic slope parameter of the differential cross section, ${\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}t$, is found to be 10.9 \pm 2.4 (\stat) \pm 1.1 (\syst) GeV$^{-2}$. The \r0 decay polar angular distribution is found to be consistent with s-channel helicity conservation. The higher energy cross section was determined from analysis of the lower part of the hadronic invariant mass spectrum of diffractive photoproduction and found to be 13.6\pm 0.8 (\stat)\pm 2.4 (\syst) \mub.Comment: 25 pages, latex, 9 Figures appended as uuencoded fil