8,548 research outputs found
Advanced marketing education curriculum in secondary schools in Wisconsin
Includes bibliographical references
Serving the Many or Serving the Most Needy?
For free, subsidized or cost-covering? The decision on how much to charge for a good or service is fundamental in social business planning. The higher the fee paid by the recipient, the more people in need can be served by the additional revenues. But charging a fee means simultaneously to exclude the very poor from consumption. This paper argues that the entrepreneurâs trade off between both effects is governed by her level of poverty aversion, i.e., her preference intensity for the service of needy people with different incomes. Additionally, we account for the possibility of excess demand for the provided good and assume that applicants are rationed by non-price allocation mechanisms. We thereby contribute to the extensive literature on the pricing and rationing behaviour of nonprofit firms. Within our theoretical model, we find ambiguous reactions of the entrepreneur to a cut in donations. Given a sufficiently low level of status-quo donations, entrepreneurs with relatively high poverty aversion tend to increase the project volume, while those with relatively low poverty aversion do the opposite.allocation mechanism, donation, nonprofit, poverty aversion, social entrepreneur, user fee
Microscopic theory of refractive index applied to metamaterials: Effective current response tensor corresponding to standard relation
In this article, we first derive the wavevector- and frequency-dependent,
microscopic current response tensor which corresponds to the "macroscopic"
ansatz and with wavevector- and frequency-independent,
"effective" material constants and
. We then deduce the electromagnetic and optical properties
of this effective material model by employing exact, microscopic response
relations. In particular, we argue that for recovering the standard relation
between the refractive
index and the effective material constants, it is imperative to start from the
microscopic wave equation in terms of the transverse dielectric function,
. On the phenomenological side,
our result is especially relevant for metamaterials research, which draws
directly on the standard relation for the refractive index in terms of
effective material constants. Since for a wide class of materials the current
response tensor can be calculated from first principles and compared to the
model expression derived here, this work also paves the way for a systematic
search for new metamaterials.Comment: minor correction
Education as an export industry: the case of New Zealand
This paper discusses New Zealand's role in the global market for tertiary education. The internationalization and liberalization of education markets is progressing rapidly in today's globalizing world, as reflected by the incorporation of education as a service into the GATS framework. Through the example of New Zealand as a case study for internationalization of education services, the study depicts the way government is involved in this process. Commodification of sectors traditionally subject to domestic public policy is often associated with a less interventionist state, but our example of education shows that this is not necessarily the case, at least in the medium-term: New Zealand's government rather appears to be an active facilitator of the liberalization process in education. We review its recent move towards treating education as an international export good and present data on the growth of this industry. The paper concentrates on the particular ways by which New Zealand's government is trying to facilitate this process of liberalizing the education sector. --
Covariant Response Theory and the Boost Transform of the Dielectric Tensor
After a short critique of the Minkowski formulae for the electromagnetic
constitutive laws in moving media, we argue that in actual fact the problem of
Lorentz-covariant electromagnetic response theory is automatically solved
within the framework of modern microscopic electrodynamics of materials. As an
illustration, we first rederive the well-known relativistic transformation
behavior of the microscopic conductivity tensor. Thereafter, we deduce from
first principles the transformation law of the wavevector- and
frequency-dependent dielectric tensor under Lorentz boost transformations.Comment: consistent with published version in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2017
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