Effects of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers on blood coagulation.

For many decades, Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been central in the development of resuscitation agents that might provide oxygen delivery in addition to simple volume expansion. Since 80% of the world population lives in areas where fresh blood products are not available, the application of these new solutions may prove to be highly beneficial (Kim and Greenburg 2006). Many improvements have been made to earlier generation HBOCs, but various concerns still remain, including coagulopathy, nitric oxide scavenging, platelet interference and decreased calcium concentration secondary to volume expansion (Jahr et al. 2013). This review will summarize the current challenges faced in developing HBOCs that may be used clinically, in order to guide future research efforts in the field

Quasifree Knockout Of Deuterons In The ⁶Li(α,αd)⁴He Reaction At 23.6 MeV

α−d correlations in quasi-elastic scattering of 23.6-MeV α particles on the deuteron cluster of the ⁶Li target were measured in and off the principal reaction plane. Despite the low c.m. energy of 14.2 MeV, the impulse approximation provides a reasonable description of the quasifree process. Computations were based on the asymptotic α−d S-state wave function and on the cluster-model wave function of ⁶Li. Insensitivity of the fits to the details of the ⁶Li cluster-model wave function indicates an extreme surface reaction mechanism. The full width at half-maximum of the spectator momentum distribution was found to be 48±6 MeV/c. By comparing the experimental cross section for the quasifree process at the maximum of the angular correlation ((d2σ/dΩddΩ)=68±9 mb/sr² at θ=25°,θ(d)=45°) with the corresponding cross section for the free process, the probability of finding ⁶Li as an α−d cluster was evaluated

Kompetente skoleledere og elevresultater : påvirker skolelederens formelle kompetanse den pedagogiske ledelsen?

Arbeidet med denne oppgaven om rektors ledelse i forhold til nasjonale prøver har være en givende og lærerik prosess. Det har gitt meg innsikt og forståelse for interne prosesser i skolen og hvordan kompetent ledelse kan fremme kvaliteten på disse. Bakgrunnen for oppgaven var et ønske om å finne ut hvordan skoleledere med ulik kompetanse arbeidet med nasjonale prøver på egen skole. Resultatene på prøvene gir begrenset informasjon. Fokus i denne oppgaven har derfor vært å se på hvordan rektor leder det interne kvalitetsarbeidet for å heve resultatene gjennom problemstillingen: Påvirker skolelederens formelle kompetanse den pedagogiske ledelsen? –Er det forskjeller på hvordan skoleledere med og uten formell kompetanse arbeider med nasjonale prøver på sin skole? Formell kompetanse er her definert som Rektorskolen, evt. bygget ut til mastergrad. Gjennom studier av teori og politiske styringsdokumenter og et undersøkelsesopplegg på fem skoler, har oppgaven forsøkt å avdekke hva som er kvalitativt god skoleledelse og hvordan dette arter seg ute på fem utvalgte skoler. I oppgaven ønsker jeg å peke på likheter og ulikheter skolene imellom og i hvilken grad de er preget av kvalitativt god ledelse. Det er vanskelig å dra klare konklusjoner i forhold til problemstillingen basert på dataene. Til det spriker de for mye. Det er imidlertid mulig å identifisere både kvalitativt god og dårlig skoleledelse. I tillegg til problemstillingen, blir det drøftet mulige 3. variabler som forklaringsmodell for kvaliteten på skoleledelsen. Det er heller ikke her mulig å dra klare konklusjoner, men de gir en god pekepinn på faktorer som kan ha påvirkningskraft. Avslutningsvis forsøker jeg å peke på mulig fremtidig forskning i lys av denne oppgaven. Det har vært krevende å holde nødvendig distanse til rektorene og lærerne som har deltatt i undersøkelsesopplegget. Jeg har etter beste evne forsøkt å forholde meg til forskningsetiske regler.The work on this study, on principal’s management when it comes to national tests, has been a giving an informative process. It has given me insight and understanding of internal school processes and how competent leadership might enhance these. The background for this study was a wish about finding out how principals with different formal competence worked with national tests, at their schools. The test results give limited information. Because of this, the focus in this paper has on how principals manage the internal quality work to better the results. I have approached the matter with the question: Does the school leader’s formal competence affect pedagogic leadership? Are there differences in how principals with and without formal competence work with national tests at their schools? Formal competence is here defines as Rektorskolen, or a Masters degree in school management. Through studying theory, strategic political documents at a national level and interviews at five schools, this paper tries to reveal what qualitative good school management is and how this shows in five chosen schools. In this paper I wish to point out similarities and differences between the schools, and to which degree they are characterized by qualitative good management. It is difficult to draw conclusions on how or if formal competence makes a difference on school leadership based in the data. They vary too much. Nevertheless it is possible to identify both qualitative good and poor school management. In addition to formal competence, four other variables get discussed in a possible model for quality in school management. It is not possible to draw clear conclusions, but they give good pointers on factors which can influence. At the end of my paper I try to point out possible future research in light of this paper. It has been difficult to hold a necessary distance to the principals and teachers whom have participated in the research. I have, after best knowhow, tried to conduct myself to research ethical rules.Master i styring og ledels

Paulina Horbowicz: How to be Norwegian in talk?Polish-Norwegian in-terethnic conversation analysis

In the monograph under review, the authorââ¬â¢s aim is to discover what itmeans to be ââ¬â¢Norwegian in talkââ¬â¢. This book represents an ambitious attemptto understand and describe the underlying presuppositions and manifesta-tions of Norwegian communication patterns. What does it mean to speakNorwegian in a Norwegian way? A foreign learner of Norwegian may verywell use the correct grammar and pronunciation but nevertheless not alwayssound Norwegian when speaking the language. The author, Paulina Hor-bowicz, is currently employed as an Assistant Professor in the Departmentof Scandinavian Studies at Adam Mickiewicz Universityin Poznan, Poland.She states that this book, which is a revised version of her Ph.D. dissertationfrom 2009 at the Adam Mickiewicz University, is written with the hope ofcontributing to the methodology of teaching Norwegian as a foreign or sec-ond language. One important aim of her project is to shed light on whichphenomena second language teaching needs to focus on in order for the lan-guage learner to develop and reach better communicative competence inNorwegian

A note on language preservation - with special reference to Sami in northern Scandinavia

This paper discusses the situation of the Sami (Lapp) language of northern Scandinavia in the context of increasing language loss all over the world. Optimistic estimates suggest 30,000 speakers of Sami today, with a clear majority in Norway. After a long period of suppression from local and central authorities the Norwegian state now supports actively the use of Sami. It is pointed out that two areas or domains are especially vital for the continued use of the language: 1) traditional Sami activities such as reindeer breeding, hunting, fishing, and handicrafts; and 2) the families. Here the linguistic development of mixed families (Sami/non-Sami) seems to be of fundamental importance

Chromatic universes for Chile’s heritage

[ES] Para el diseño de dos centros de interpretación en la Región de O´Higgins, Chile, destinados a la puesta en valor de sitios patrimoniales, se encargan estudios de color y la creación de paletas cromáticas con el objetivo de dar coherencia interna e identidad al proyecto general. Durante la investigación preliminar de cada proyecto, de enfoque cualitativo, un equipo interdisciplinario recogió información en terreno mediante entrevistas, relevamientos cromáticos, fotografías y otros. Se planteó ampliar el concepto paleta de color hacia un orden espacial conceptualmente coherente con el proyecto de arquitectura, llamado “universo cromático”, cuyo objetivo fue facilitar el uso de los colores durante el proceso de diseño. La utilización de estos universos fue disímil en ambos proyectos, sin embargo, se logró dar coherencia e identidad a ambos y también orientar el uso de sus colores. Los universos cromáticos podrían abrir posibilidades para el acompañamiento de otros proyectos de arquitectu[EN] Color studies and chromatic palettes were commissioned for the design of two interpretation centers aimed at enhancing and promoting heritage sites in the Region of O´Higgins, Chile. Their purpose was to provide overall consistency and identity to the overall project. During each project’s preliminary qualitative research, a transdisciplinary team collected information on the ground using interviews, chromatic surveys, photographs and others. The idea of expanding the color palette concept onto a spatial order that was conceptually consistent with the architectural project –called “chromatic universe”– was suggested, and its purpose was to facilitate the use of colors during the design process. While these universes were used differently in both projects, consistency and identity were achieved, as well as guidance on the use of colors. Chromatic universes are expected to open up possibilities for their use in other architecture and design projects.Cordero-Jahr, E. (2019). Universos cromáticos para el patrimonio de Chile. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 24(37):204-213. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.11188OJS2042132437CASTRO, A., MUJICA, F., CUSSEN F., 2017. Chamantos y mantas corraleras de Doñihue: ascenso y consolidación de un textil con DO (1917-2016). RIVAR Vol. 4, Nº 11. Mayo 2017: 4-30FRIDELL ANTER, K., 2001. What Colour is the red house? Nordic Journal for Architectural Research. http://arkitekturforskning.net/na/article/view/358 (visto el 20 de mayo de 2019).INSTITUTO DE ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO, 2012. Proyecto de investigación y desarrollo Centro de Interpretación Chamantos de Doñihue. Edición interna, Universidad Austral de ChileINSTITUTO DE ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO, 2014. Proyecto de investigación y desarrollo Parque paleontológico Tagua Tagua. Edición interna, Universidad Austral de ChileJACKSON, D., ASPILLAGA, E., RODRÍGUEZ, X.P., JACKSON, D., SANTANA, F., MÉNDEZ, C., 2012. Las Ocupaciones Humanas del Sitio Arqueológico de Santa Inés, Laguna de Tagua Tagua, Chile Central. Revista de Antropología N° 26, 2do Semestre, 2012: 151-168 https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-1472.2012.26558LACOSTE, P., LACOSTE M., 2018. Chamantos, Ponchos y Balandres en Colchagua y Rancagua (siglos XVII-XIX). Revista Estudios Atacameños. Arqueología y Antropología Surandinas. Universidad Católica del Norte https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-10432018005000701LYNCH, K., 2008. La imagen de la ciudad. Editorial Gustavo Gili, SL, Barcelona.MARTÍNEZ R., 2011. Los Jardines del cielo. Centro de Interpretación Chamantos de Doñihue. Revista AUS Nº 10, p. 22-25. https://doi.org/10.4206/aus.2011.n10-06SANZ, J., GALLEGO, R., 2001. Diccionario Akal del Color. Ediciones Akal, S.A., Madrid, EspañaSAUERBRUCH, M., HUTTON, L. 2012. Sauerbruch Hutton, Color in Architecture. Distanz Verlag GmbH, Berlin.SCHINDLER, V. 2004. Prefabricated rolls of oil paint: Le Corbusier's 1931 colour keyboards. AIC 2004 Color and Paints, Interim Meeting of the International Color Association, Proceedings.SCHINDLER, V., GRIBER, Y., 2017. Environmental Colour Design:Theory and Practice. Editorial de la Universidad Estatal de Smolensk, Rusia.SCHMUCK, F. 1999. Farbe und Architektur 2. Eine Farbenlehre für die Praxis. Verlag Georg D.W. Callwey GmbH & Co, München

Prestasjonsmålinger i finansbransjen: Er det sammenheng mellom ansattes oppfatning av prestasjonsmålinger, og deres grad av indre motivasjon, tillit, organisasjonsforpliktelse og turnoverintensjon?

I denne avhandlingen har vi forsket på ansattes oppfatning av prestasjonsmålinger på arbeidsplassen. Dette er et svært dagsaktuelt tema innenfor finansbransjen. Da vi finner et gap i tidlige forskning på ansattes oppfatning direkte tilknyttet prestasjonsmålinger, søker vi derfor å avdekke om oppfatningen av prestasjonsmålinger som enten "Coercion" (i.e påtvunget) eller "Care" (i.e omsorg) blir påvirket av opplevelsen av rettferdighet i målesystemet. Videre ønsker vi å avdekke om denne oppfatningen har en positiv eller negativ sammenheng med ulike organisatoriske faktorer. Vi har med dette formulert følgende problemstillinger for prosjektet: Er det en sammenheng mellom ansattes oppfatning av prestasjonsmålinger, og deres grad av indre motivasjon, tillit, organisasjonsforpliktelse, og turnoverintensjon? Metoden benyttet i vår studie er en kvantitativt spørreundersøkelse utviklet ved bruk av både standardiserte og egenutviklede spørsmål. Da prestasjonsmålinger blir hyppig benyttet i finansbransjen er derfor bank valgt som kontekst for denne studien. 114 respondenter fra SpareBank 1 utgjorde utvalget for våre videre analyser. Funnene i denne studien tyder på at enkelte av våre hypoteser støttes, samtidig som vi må forkaste andre. Vi konkluderer med bakgrunn i disse funnene at opplevd rettferdighet i målesystemet har en påvirkning på grad av "Care", som igjen har en effekt på tillit og organisasjonsforpliktelse. Videre avkrefter våre funn en sammenheng mellom rettferdighet og "Coercion", men bekrefter sammenhengene mellom "Coercion" og alle de utvalgte organisatoriske utfallsvariablene, utenom indre motivasjon. Indre motivasjon er derfor det mest avvikende og interessante funnet i vår studie. Til slutt avdekket vi at selve prestasjonsmålingenes effekt på utfallsvariabler alene blir svekket når vi kontrollerer for oppfattelse. Indre motivasjon var derimot fortsatt unntaket. Med bakgrunn i diskusjon og analyse har vi til slutt kommet med anbefalinger som kan være til nytte for ledelsen i organisasjoner i finansbransjen, der prestasjonsmålinger brukes i stor grad. Her har vi gjort rede for viktigheten av å formidle prestasjonsmålingenes hensikt som "Care" i motsetning til "Coercion", da oppfattelsen av prestasjonsmålinger som påtvunget kan føre til tap av menneskelige ressurser som er essensielle for bedriftens suksess.This paper investigates employees' perception of Performance Appraisal at work, as this is a current topic within the financial industry. In our research we found a clear gap in earlier literature and studies on employee perception directly associated with performance appraisal, thus this paper seeks to determine whether the perception of performance appraisal as either "Coercion" or "Care" is influenced by the perceived justice in performance appraisal. Furthermore, we aspired to determine whether this perception has a positive or negative relationship with various organizational factors. With this we have formulated the following problem-definition for the thesis: Is there a relationship between employees' perception of performance appraisal, and their degree of intrinsic motivation, trust, organizational commitment and turnover intention? The method used to study the main topic of this thesis is a quantitative questionnaire developed using both standardized and self-developed questions. As performance appraisal is frequently used in the financial industry specifically, bank is thus chosen as the context for this study. 114 respondents from SpareBank 1 constituted the sample for further analysis. The findings in this study suggest that some of our hypotheses have been supported, while others not. We therefore conclude, based on these findings that the perceived justice in the performance appraisal system has an impact on the degree of "Care", which in turn has an effect on trust and organizational commitment. Furthermore, our findings exclude a connection between perceived justice and "Coercion". They however confirm relations between "Coercion" and all the selected outcome variables, except intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is therefore the most divergent and interesting finding in our study. Finally, we revealed that the performance appraisal's effect alone on outcome variables is weakened when including perception. Intrinsic motivation however, was still the exception. Based on the analysis in this paper, we finally presented recommendations that might be useful for organizations in the financial services industry, where we know that Performance Appraisal is used extensively. We explained the importance of communicating the purpose of performance appraisal as "Care" as opposed to "Coercion", referring to that "Coercion" may cause loss of human resources that are essential for the success of a business.Master i okonomi og administrasjo

Creating an Agglomerative Clustering Approach Using GDELT

GDELT is a project with a large scale, continuously updated databank that provides a real-time image of the global news picture by outputting these as files that can be downloaded and used by anyone. However, this data is of low granularity, and each source of data does not provide much information on its own. This thesis attempts to leverage the large amount of data available by utilizing a Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster method to identify news articles that report about the same real life event. To do this, the thesis also explores if the GDELT data is granular enough to be used without extensive preprocessing, and if a distance metric for the cluster algorithm can be created. The findings show promising results when regarded with qualitative measures, but the quantitative measures are not yet optimized. Inherent flaws in GDELT and clustering algorithms are a hurdle to be overcome before the real potential of GDELT’s data can be unleashed, and this thesis will explore some of these difficulties and make recommendations for how to circumvent them in future works.Masteroppgave i informasjonsvitenskapINFO390MASV-INF

Second life in the Bundestag? Former GDR delegates in German parliaments

"East Germany's 20th anniversary of a fully democratic representation in 2010 gives reason to reflect the democratization process again. Democratization was without doubt never contested by politicians with their political roots in the Opposition groups. Nevertheless, in the early 1990s and even later on, there was still a considerable minority among East German MNPs and MSPs with a comparatively strong affiliation to the former communist system (though not necessarily member of one of SED's successor parties). The German Parliamentary Survey (first wave, 2003) contains data of 140 of those 'survivors' out of 635 MNPs, MSPs and MEPs with an East German background. This contribution, first, reconsiders political representation in the GDR. Second, the social profile of delegates in the Bundestag and the State parliaments with their political roots in the SED and the bloc parties will be compared with that of those electees who appeared in the political arena in 1989/90 and later. Third, the adherence of former GDR delegates to democratic values will be discussed, likewise mirrored in the German Parliamentary Survey, by asking delegates how they rate statements like: 'Democracy persists only in the case of a strong leadership that is able to curtail partial interests.' and other." (author's abstract