Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Collected in Grand Traverse and Adjacent Counties, Michigan

Thirty-two (32) species of hawkmoths (Sphingidae) are reported from Grand Traverse and adjacent counties, Michigan, based on collecting carried out in 1979-1997 and an inventory of museum records

Climate Forcing by the Volcanic Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Revised edition

We determine the volcano climate sensitivity and response time for the Mount Pinatubo eruption. This is achieved using observational measurements of the temperature anomalies of the lower troposphere and the aerosol optical density (AOD) in combination with a radiative forcing proxy for AOD. Using standard linear response theory we find sensitivity = 0.18 +- 0.04 K/(W/m2), which implies a negative feedback of -1.0 +- 0.4. The intrinsic response time is 5.8+-1.0 months. Both results are contrary to the conventional paradigm that includes long response times and positive feedback. In addition, we analyze the outgoing longwave radiation during the Pinatubo eruption and find that its time dependence follows the forcing much more closely than the temperature, and even has an amplitude equal to that of the AOD proxy. This finding is independent of the response time and feedback results.Comment: 22 pages, including 4 figures. Revised version of a paper [Douglass D. H. and R. S. Knox (2005), Climate forcing by the volcano eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L05710.doi: 10.1029/2004GL022119]. Revision is based on subsequent comments and replies to appear in the same journal. Quantitative results have only minor change

Stout Hearts: The British and Canadians in Normandy, 1944 (Book Review) by Ben Kite

Review of Stout Hearts: The British and Canadians in Normandy, 1944. Ben Kite. Solihull, UK: Helion and Company, 2014. Pp. 488

Corporate Initiatives: A Second Human Rights Revolution?

This Essay examines the role of multinational corporations in protecting human rights around the globe. Part I analyzes the conduct of corporations, describes examples of corporations\u27 involvement in human rights violations, and discusses the merits of greater responsibility of corporations. Part II suggests that the level of responsibility for a multinational corporation depends on the proximity of the corporation\u27s operations to human rights violations, in combination with the seriousness of the violations, and proposes five gradations of responsibility. This Essay concludes that the evolving nature of the global economy is producing a shift in responsibilities from government to the private sector, particularly multinational corporations, and that those responsibilities may include the power and duty to safeguard human rights

Twisty Little Passages: The Several Editions of Lady Caroline Lamb\u27s Glenarvon

A literary criticism of the book Glenarvon, by Lady Caroline Lamb is presented. It presents the symbolic significance of the characters. It outlines the consequences of denying true love and the importance of aristocratic leadership and self-control. It examines the preface of the book in which the author states that the novel is not immoral even with the inclusion of crimes and she asks readers to recognize that her intention of writing the book is to describe human nature