Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Modulating crossover positioning by introducing large structural changes in chromosomes

Background Crossing over assures the correct segregation of the homologous chromosomes to both poles of the dividing meiocyte. This exchange of DNA creates new allelic combinations thus increasing the genetic variation present in offspring. Crossovers are not uniformly distributed along chromosomes; rather there are preferred locations where they may take place. The positioning of crossovers is known to be influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors as well as structural features inherent to the chromosome itself. We have introduced large structural changes into Arabidopsis chromosomes and report their effects on crossover positioning. Results The introduction of large deletions and putative inversions silenced recombination over the length of the structural change. In the majority of cases analyzed, the total recombination frequency over the chromosomes was unchanged. The loss of crossovers at the sites of structural change was compensated for by increases in recombination frequencies elsewhere on the chromosomes, mostly in single intervals of one to three megabases in size. Interestingly, two independent cases of induced structural changes in the same chromosomal interval were found on both chromosomes 1 and 2. In both cases, compensatory increases in recombination frequencies were of similar strength and took place in the same chromosome region. In contrast, deletions in chromosome arms carrying the nucleolar organizing region did not change recombination frequencies in the remainder of those chromosomes. Conclusions When taken together, these observations show that changes in the physical structure of the chromosome can have large effects on the positioning of COs within that chromosome. Moreover, different reactions to induced structural changes are observed between and within chromosomes. However, the similarity in reaction observed when looking at chromosomes carrying similar changes suggests a direct causal relation between induced change and observed reaction.Intelligent SystemsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Knitting 4D garments with elasticity controlled for body motion

In this paper, we present a new computational pipeline for designing and fabricating 4D garments as knitwear that considers comfort during body movement. This is achieved by careful control of elasticity distribution to reduce uncomfortable pressure and unwanted sliding caused by body motion. We exploit the ability to knit patterns in different elastic levels by single-jersey jacquard (SJJ) with two yarns. We design the distribution of elasticity for a garment by physics-based computation, the optimized elasticity on the garment is then converted into instructions for a digital knitting machine by two algorithms proposed in this paper. Specifically, a graph-based algorithm is proposed to generate knittable stitch meshes that can accurately capture the 3D shape of a garment, and a tiling algorithm is employed to assign SJJ patterns on the stitch mesh to realize the designed distribution of elasticity. The effectiveness of our approach is verified on simulation results and on specimens physically fabricated by knitting machines. Accepted Author ManuscriptMaterials and ManufacturingMechatronic Desig

Frequency of Hyperprolactinemia and Its Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Antipsychotic Medications in Psychiatric Inpatients in China

PurposeNo study has investigated hyperprolactinemia and its risk factors in Chinese psychiatric patients. This study examined the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and its relationship with demographic and clinical characteristics in inpatients in a large psychiatric institution in Beijing, China. Design and MethodsA consecutive sample of 617 psychiatric inpatients formed the study sample. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data including serum prolactin level were collected. FindingsThe prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was 55.9% in the whole sample, and 56.8% and 43.2% for women and men, respectively. The corresponding figures were 59.6%, 40.0%, 53.6%, and 50.8% in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorders, and other psychiatric disorders, respectively (p = 0.09). In univariate analyses, patients having hyperprolactinemia were younger, more likely to receive risperidone, amisulpride, and first-generation antipsychotics, but less likely to receive clozapine and aripiprazole. In multiple logistic regression analysis, hyperprolactinemia was independently associated with younger age, more use of risperidone or amisulpride and first-generation antipsychotics, and less use of clozapine and aripiprazole (r(2) = 0.197). Practice ImplicationsHyperprolactinemia is very common in Chinese psychiatric inpatients. Given the potentially harmful consequences of hyperprolactinemia and its preventable nature, effective measures to lower the frequency hyperprolactinemia in patients with major psychiatric disorders should be implemented in Chinese mental health facilities

An experimental study of deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution during hot deformation of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy

Isothermal tensile tests have been performed to study the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy in the temperature range 750-850 degrees C and strain rate range 0.001-0.1 s(-1). The deformation activations have been calculated based on kinetics rate equation to investigate the hot deformation mechanism. Microstructures of deformed samples have been analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to evaluate the influences of hot deformation parameters on the microstructure evolution and recrystallization mechanism. The results indicate that deformation mechanisms vary with deformation conditions: at medium (800 degrees C) and high (850 degrees C) temperature, the deformation is mainly controlled by the mechanisms of dislocation creep and self-diffusion, respectively. The microstructure globularization mechanisms also depend on deformation temperature: in the temperature range from 750 to 800 degrees C, the high angle grain boundaries are mainly formed via dislocation accumulation or subgrain boundaries sliding and subgrains rotation; while at high temperature of 850 degrees C, recrystallization is the dominant mechanism. Especially, the evolution of the recrystallization mechanism with the deformation temperature is first observed and investigated in TA15 titanium alloy

Weigh Biomaterials by Quantifying Species-specific DNA with Real-time PCR

What's on the label is not what's in the bottle, from food products to herbal medicinal products (HMPs), economically-motivated biomaterials adulteration is a long-term problem affecting the food and drug industry. Accurate identification of the biomaterial ingredients in processed commodities is highly desirable. In this field, DNA-based techniques have proved to be powerful tools to overcome qualitative challenges. However, is it possible to quantify the weight of biological materials with PCR? Therefore, a basic scientific question needs to be answered: what's the relationship between DNA content and the mass of biological materials? Is DNA content directly proportional to the mass of biological materials as most of the researchers previously thought? In this study, we firstly found that there exists a linear relation between DNA contents and the weight of biomaterials indeed when the analytical practices are fully controlled. In this case, the mass of targeted biomaterials in the highly processed commercial products can also be calculated by quantifying the species-specific DNA through classic real-time PCR with a good reproducibility

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and zaxis is discussed. The results show that themomentabout the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability but themomentabout the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.</p

Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Neutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2-99.3% of total PFASs (Sigma PFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of Sigma PFASs. The concentrations of PFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m(-3) with an average of 54.5 pg m(-3). The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of PFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Search for anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking with the ATLAS detector based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7TeV$

none3019G. Aad;B. Abbott;J. Abdallah;A. A. Abdelalim;A. Abdesselam;O. Abdinov;B. Abi;M. Abolins;H. Abramowicz;H. Abreu;E. Acerbi;B. S. Acharya;D. L. Adams;T. N. Addy;J. Adelman;M. Aderholz;S. Adomeit;P. Adragna;T. Adye;S. Aefsky;J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra;M. Aharrouche;S. P. Ahlen;F. Ahles;A. Ahmad;M. Ahsan;G. Aielli;T. Akdogan;T. P. A. Åkesson;G. Akimoto;A. V. Akimov;A. Akiyama;M. S. Alam;M. A. Alam;J. Albert;S. Albrand;M. Aleksa;I. N. Aleksandrov;F. Alessandria;C. Alexa;G. Alexander;G. Alexandre;T. Alexopoulos;M. Alhroob;M. Aliev;G. Alimonti;J. Alison;M. Aliyev;P. P. Allport;S. E. Allwood-Spiers;J. Almond;A. Aloisio;R. Alon;A. Alonso;B. Alvarez Gonzalez;M. G. Alviggi;K. Amako;P. Amaral;C. Amelung;V. V. Ammosov;A. Amorim;G. Amorós;N. Amram;C. Anastopoulos;L. S. Ancu;N. Andari;T. Andeen;C. F. Anders;G. Anders;K. J. Anderson;A. Andreazza;V. Andrei;M-L. Andrieux;X. S. Anduaga;A. Angerami;F. Anghinolfi;A. Anisenkov;N. Anjos;A. Annovi;A. Antonaki;M. Antonelli;A. Antonov;J. Antos;F. Anulli;S. Aoun;L. Aperio Bella;R. Apolle;G. Arabidze;I. Aracena;Y. Arai;A. T. H. Arce;J. P. Archambault;S. Arfaoui;J-F. Arguin;E. Arik;M. Arik;A. J. Armbruster;O. Arnaez;C. Arnault;A. Artamonov;G. Artoni;D. Arutinov;S. Asai;R. Asfandiyarov;S. Ask;B. Åsman;L. Asquith;K. Assamagan;A. Astbury;A. Astvatsatourov;B. Aubert;E. Auge;K. Augsten;M. Aurousseau;G. Avolio;R. Avramidou;D. Axen;C. Ay;G. Azuelos;Y. Azuma;M. A. Baak;G. Baccaglioni;C. Bacci;A. M. Bach;H. Bachacou;K. Bachas;G. Bachy;M. Backes;M. Backhaus;E. Badescu;P. Bagnaia;S. Bahinipati;Y. Bai;D. C. Bailey;T. Bain;J. T. Baines;O. K. Baker;M. D. Baker;S. Baker;E. Banas;P. Banerjee;Sw. Banerjee;D. Banfi;A. Bangert;V. Bansal;H. S. Bansil;L. Barak;S. P. Baranov;A. Barashkou;A. Barbaro Galtieri;T. Barber;E. L. Barberio;D. Barberis;M. Barbero;D. Y. Bardin;T. Barillari;M. Barisonzi;T. Barklow;N. Barlow;B. M. Barnett;R. M. Barnett;A. Baroncelli;G. Barone;A. J. Barr;F. Barreiro;J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa;P. Barrillon;R. Bartoldus;A. E. Barton;V. Bartsch;R. L. Bates;L. Batkova;J. R. Batley;A. Battaglia;M. Battistin;G. Battistoni;F. Bauer;H. S. Bawa;S. Beale;B. Beare;T. Beau;P. H. Beauchemin;R. Beccherle;P. Bechtle;H. P. Beck;S. Becker;M. Beckingham;K. H. Becks;A. J. Beddall;A. Beddall;S. Bedikian;V. A. Bednyakov;C. P. Bee;M. Begel;S. Behar Harpaz;P. K. Behera;M. Beimforde;C. Belanger-Champagne;P. J. Bell;W. H. Bell;G. Bella;L. Bellagamba;F. Bellina;M. Bellomo;A. Belloni;O. Beloborodova;K. Belotskiy;O. Beltramello;S. Ben Ami;O. Benary;D. Benchekroun;C. Benchouk;M. Bendel;N. Benekos;Y. Benhammou;J. A. Benitez Garcia;D. P. Benjamin;M. Benoit;J. R. Bensinger;K. Benslama;S. Bentvelsen;D. Berge;E. Bergeaas Kuutmann;N. Berger;F. Berghaus;E. Berglund;J. Beringer;P. Bernat;R. Bernhard;C. Bernius;T. Berry;C. Bertella;A. Bertin;F. Bertinelli;F. Bertolucci;M. I. Besana;N. Besson;S. Bethke;W. Bhimji;R. M. Bianchi;M. Bianco;O. Biebel;S. P. Bieniek;K. Bierwagen;J. Biesiada;M. Biglietti;H. Bilokon;M. Bindi;S. Binet;A. Bingul;C. Bini;C. Biscarat;U. Bitenc;K. M. Black;R. E. Blair;J.-B. Blanchard;G. Blanchot;T. Blazek;C. Blocker;J. Blocki;A. Blondel;W. Blum;U. Blumenschein;G. J. Bobbink;V. B. Bobrovnikov;S. S. Bocchetta;A. Bocci;C. R. Boddy;M. Boehler;J. Boek;N. Boelaert;S. Böser;J. A. Bogaerts;A. Bogdanchikov;A. Bogouch;C. Bohm;V. Boisvert;T. Bold;V. Boldea;N. M. Bolnet;M. Bona;V. G. Bondarenko;M. Bondioli;M. Boonekamp;G. Boorman;C. N. Booth;S. Bordoni;C. Borer;A. Borisov;G. Borissov;I. Borjanovic;S. Borroni;K. Bos;D. Boscherini;M. Bosman;H. Boterenbrood;D. Botterill;J. Bouchami;J. Boudreau;E. V. Bouhova-Thacker;C. Bourdarios;N. Bousson;A. Boveia;J. Boyd;I. R. Boyko;N. I. Bozhko;I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic;J. Bracinik;A. Braem;P. Branchini;G. W. Brandenburg;A. Brandt;G. Brandt;O. Brandt;U. Bratzler;B. Brau;J. E. Brau;H. M. Braun;B. Brelier;J. Bremer;R. Brenner;S. Bressler;D. Breton;D. Britton;F. M. Brochu;I. Brock;R. Brock;T. J. Brodbeck;E. Brodet;F. Broggi;C. Bromberg;J. Bronner;G. Brooijmans;W. K. Brooks;G. Brown;H. Brown;P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom;D. Bruncko;R. Bruneliere;S. Brunet;A. Bruni;G. Bruni;M. Bruschi;T. Buanes;Q. Buat;F. Bucci;J. Buchanan;N. J. Buchanan;P. Buchholz;R. M. Buckingham;A. G. Buckley;S. I. Buda;I. A. Budagov;B. Budick;V. Büscher;L. Bugge;D. Buira-Clark;O. Bulekov;M. Bunse;T. Buran;H. Burckhart;S. Burdin;T. Burgess;S. Burke;E. Busato;P. Bussey;C. P. Buszello;F. Butin;B. Butler;J. M. Butler;C. M. Buttar;J. M. Butterworth;W. Buttinger;S. Cabrera Urbán;D. Caforio;O. Cakir;P. Calafiura;G. Calderini;P. Calfayan;R. Calkins;L. P. Caloba;R. Caloi;D. Calvet;S. Calvet;R. Camacho Toro;P. Camarri;M. Cambiaghi;D. Cameron;L. M. Caminada;S. Campana;M. Campanelli;V. Canale;F. Canelli;A. Canepa;J. Cantero;L. Capasso;M. D. M. Capeans Garrido;I. Caprini;M. Caprini;D. Capriotti;M. Capua;R. Caputo;C. Caramarcu;R. Cardarelli;T. Carli;G. Carlino;L. Carminati;B. Caron;S. Caron;G. D. Carrillo Montoya;A. A. Carter;J. R. Carter;J. Carvalho;D. Casadei;M. P. Casado;M. Cascella;C. Caso;A. M. Castaneda Hernandez;E. Castaneda-Miranda;V. Castillo Gimenez;N. F. Castro;G. Cataldi;F. Cataneo;A. Catinaccio;J. R. Catmore;A. Cattai;G. Cattani;S. Caughron;D. Cauz;P. Cavalleri;D. Cavalli;M. Cavalli-Sforza;V. Cavasinni;F. Ceradini;A. S. Cerqueira;A. Cerri;L. Cerrito;F. Cerutti;S. A. Cetin;F. Cevenini;A. Chafaq;D. Chakraborty;K. Chan;B. Chapleau;J. D. Chapman;J. W. Chapman;E. Chareyre;D. G. Charlton;V. Chavda;C. A. Chavez Barajas;S. Cheatham;S. Chekanov;S. V. Chekulaev;G. A. Chelkov;M. A. Chelstowska;C. Chen;H. Chen;S. Chen;T. Chen;X. Chen;S. Cheng;A. Cheplakov;V. F. Chepurnov;R. Cherkaoui El Moursli;V. Chernyatin;E. Cheu;S. L. Cheung;L. Chevalier;G. Chiefari;L. Chikovani;J. T. Childers;A. Chilingarov;G. Chiodini;M. V. Chizhov;G. Choudalakis;S. Chouridou;I. A. Christidi;A. Christov;D. Chromek-Burckhart;M. L. Chu;J. Chudoba;G. Ciapetti;K. Ciba;A. K. Ciftci;R. Ciftci;D. Cinca;V. Cindro;M. D. Ciobotaru;C. Ciocca;A. Ciocio;M. Cirilli;M. Citterio;M. Ciubancan;A. Clark;P. J. Clark;W. Cleland;J. C. Clemens;B. Clement;C. Clement;R. W. Clifft;Y. Coadou;M. Cobal;A. Coccaro;J. Cochran;P. Coe;J. G. Cogan;J. Coggeshall;E. Cogneras;C. D. Cojocaru;J. Colas;A. P. Colijn;N. J. Collins;C. Collins-Tooth;J. Collot;G. Colon;P. Conde Muiño;E. Coniavitis;M. C. Conidi;M. Consonni;V. Consorti;S. Constantinescu;C. Conta;F. Conventi;J. Cook;M. Cooke;B. D. Cooper;A. M. Cooper-Sarkar;K. Copic;T. Cornelissen;M. Corradi;F. Corriveau;A. Cortes-Gonzalez;G. Cortiana;G. Costa;M. J. Costa;D. Costanzo;T. Costin;D. Côté;R. Coura Torres;L. Courneyea;G. Cowan;C. Cowden;B. E. Cox;K. Cranmer;F. Crescioli;M. Cristinziani;G. Crosetti;R. Crupi;S. Crépé-Renaudin;C.-M. Cuciuc;C. Cuenca Almenar;T. Cuhadar Donszelmann;M. Curatolo;C. J. Curtis;C. Cuthbert;P. Cwetanski;H. Czirr;Z. Czyczula;S. D’Auria;M. D’Onofrio;A. D’Orazio;P. V. M. Silva;C. Via;W. Dabrowski;T. Dai;C. Dallapiccola;M. Dam;M. Dameri;D. S. Damiani;H. O. Danielsson;D. Dannheim;V. Dao;G. Darbo;G. L. Darlea;C. Daum;W. Davey;T. Davidek;N. Davidson;R. Davidson;E. Davies;M. Davies;A. R. Davison;Y. Davygora;E. Dawe;I. Dawson;J. W. Dawson;R. K. Daya-Ishmukhametova;K. De;R. Asmundis;S. Castro;P. E. Castro Faria Salgado;S. Cecco;J. Graat;N. Groot;P. Jong;C. Taille;H. Torre;B. Lotto;L. Mora;L. Nooij;D. Pedis;A. Salvo;U. Sanctis;A. Santo;J. B. Vivie De Regie;S. Dean;W. J. Dearnaley;R. Debbe;C. Debenedetti;D. V. Dedovich;J. Degenhardt;M. Dehchar;C. Papa;J. Peso;T. Prete;T. Delemontex;M. Deliyergiyev;A. Dell’Acqua;L. Dell’Asta;M. Pietra;D. Volpe;M. Delmastro;N. Delruelle;P. A. Delsart;C. Deluca;S. Demers;M. Demichev;B. Demirkoz;J. Deng;S. P. Denisov;D. Derendarz;J. E. Derkaoui;F. Derue;P. Dervan;K. Desch;E. Devetak;P. O. Deviveiros;A. Dewhurst;B. DeWilde;S. Dhaliwal;R. Dhullipudi;A. Ciaccio;L. Ciaccio;A. Girolamo;B. Girolamo;S. Luise;A. Mattia;B. Micco;R. Nardo;A. Simone;R. Sipio;M. A. Diaz;F. Diblen;E. B. Diehl;J. Dietrich;T. A. Dietzsch;S. Diglio;K. Dindar Yagci;J. Dingfelder;C. Dionisi;P. Dita;S. Dita;F. Dittus;F. Djama;T. Djobava;M. A. B. Vale;A. Valle Wemans;T. K. O. Doan;M. Dobbs;R. Dobinson;D. Dobos;E. Dobson;J. Dodd;C. Doglioni;T. Doherty;Y. Doi;J. Dolejsi;I. Dolenc;Z. Dolezal;B. A. Dolgoshein;T. Dohmae;M. Donadelli;M. Donega;J. Donini;J. Dopke;A. Doria;A. Anjos;M. Dosil;A. Dotti;M. T. Dova;J. D. Dowell;A. D. Doxiadis;A. T. Doyle;Z. Drasal;J. Drees;N. Dressnandt;H. Drevermann;C. Driouichi;M. Dris;J. Dubbert;S. Dube;E. Duchovni;G. Duckeck;A. Dudarev;F. Dudziak;M. Dührssen;I. P. Duerdoth;L. Duflot;M-A. Dufour;M. Dunford;H. Duran Yildiz;R. Duxfield;M. Dwuznik;F. Dydak;M. Düren;W. L. Ebenstein;J. Ebke;S. Eckweiler;K. Edmonds;C. A. Edwards;N. C. Edwards;W. Ehrenfeld;T. Ehrich;T. Eifert;G. Eigen;K. Einsweiler;E. Eisenhandler;T. Ekelof;M. Kacimi;M. Ellert;S. Elles;F. Ellinghaus;K. Ellis;N. Ellis;J. Elmsheuser;M. Elsing;D. Emeliyanov;R. Engelmann;A. Engl;B. Epp;A. Eppig;J. Erdmann;A. Ereditato;D. Eriksson;J. Ernst;M. Ernst;J. Ernwein;D. Errede;S. Errede;E. Ertel;M. Escalier;C. Escobar;X. Espinal Curull;B. Esposito;F. Etienne;A. I. Etienvre;E. Etzion;D. Evangelakou;H. Evans;L. Fabbri;C. Fabre;R. M. Fakhrutdinov;S. Falciano;Y. Fang;M. Fanti;A. Farbin;A. Farilla;J. Farley;T. Farooque;S. M. Farrington;P. Farthouat;P. Fassnacht;D. Fassouliotis;B. Fatholahzadeh;A. Favareto;L. Fayard;S. Fazio;R. Febbraro;P. Federic;O. L. Fedin;W. Fedorko;M. Fehling-Kaschek;L. Feligioni;D. Fellmann;C. Feng;E. J. Feng;A. B. Fenyuk;J. Ferencei;J. Ferland;W. Fernando;S. Ferrag;J. Ferrando;V. Ferrara;A. Ferrari;P. Ferrari;R. Ferrari;A. Ferrer;M. L. Ferrer;D. Ferrere;C. Ferretti;A. Ferretto Parodi;M. Fiascaris;F. Fiedler;A. Filipčič;A. Filippas;F. Filthaut;M. Fincke-Keeler;M. C. N. Fiolhais;L. Fiorini;A. Firan;G. Fischer;P. Fischer;M. J. Fisher;M. Flechl;I. Fleck;J. Fleckner;P. Fleischmann;S. Fleischmann;T. Flick;L. R. Flores Castillo;M. J. Flowerdew;M. Fokitis;T. Fonseca Martin;J. Fopma;D. A. Forbush;A. Formica;A. Forti;D. Fortin;J. M. Foster;D. Fournier;A. Foussat;A. J. Fowler;K. Fowler;H. Fox;P. Francavilla;S. Franchino;D. Francis;T. Frank;M. Franklin;S. Franz;M. Fraternali;S. Fratina;S. T. French;F. Friedrich;R. Froeschl;D. Froidevaux;J. A. Frost;C. Fukunaga;E. Fullana Torregrosa;J. Fuster;C. Gabaldon;O. Gabizon;T. Gadfort;S. Gadomski;G. Gagliardi;P. Gagnon;C. Galea;E. J. Gallas;V. Gallo;B. J. Gallop;P. Gallus;K. K. Gan;Y. S. Gao;V. A. Gapienko;A. Gaponenko;F. Garberson;M. Garcia-Sciveres;C. García;J. E. García Navarro;R. W. Gardner;N. Garelli;H. Garitaonandia;V. Garonne;J. Garvey;C. Gatti;G. Gaudio;O. Gaumer;B. Gaur;L. Gauthier;I. L. Gavrilenko;C. Gay;G. Gaycken;J-C. Gayde;E. N. Gazis;P. Ge;C. N. P. Gee;D. A. A. Geerts;Ch. Geich-Gimbel;K. Gellerstedt;C. Gemme;A. Gemmell;M. H. Genest;S. Gentile;M. George;S. George;P. Gerlach;A. Gershon;C. Geweniger;H. Ghazlane;N. Ghodbane;B. Giacobbe;S. Giagu;V. Giakoumopoulou;V. Giangiobbe;F. Gianotti;B. Gibbard;A. Gibson;S. M. Gibson;L. M. Gilbert;V. Gilewsky;D. Gillberg;A. R. Gillman;D. M. Gingrich;J. Ginzburg;N. Giokaris;M. P. Giordani;R. Giordano;F. 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Hurwitz;U. Husemann;N. Huseynov;J. Huston;J. Huth;G. Iacobucci;G. Iakovidis;M. Ibbotson;I. Ibragimov;R. Ichimiya;L. Iconomidou-Fayard;J. Idarraga;P. Iengo;O. Igonkina;Y. Ikegami;M. Ikeno;Y. Ilchenko;D. Iliadis;N. Ilic;D. Imbault;M. Imori;T. Ince;J. Inigo-Golfin;P. Ioannou;M. Iodice;A. Irles Quiles;C. Isaksson;A. Ishikawa;M. Ishino;R. Ishmukhametov;C. Issever;S. Istin;A. V. Ivashin;W. Iwanski;H. Iwasaki;J. M. Izen;V. Izzo;B. Jackson;J. N. Jackson;P. Jackson;M. R. Jaekel;V. Jain;K. Jakobs;S. Jakobsen;J. Jakubek;D. K. Jana;E. Jankowski;E. Jansen;H. Jansen;A. Jantsch;M. Janus;G. Jarlskog;L. Jeanty;K. Jelen;I. Jen-La Plante;P. Jenni;A. Jeremie;P. Jež;S. Jézéquel;M. K. Jha;H. Ji;W. Ji;J. Jia;Y. Jiang;M. Jimenez Belenguer;G. Jin;S. Jin;O. Jinnouchi;M. D. Joergensen;D. Joffe;L. G. Johansen;M. Johansen;K. E. Johansson;P. Johansson;S. Johnert;K. A. Johns;K. Jon-And;G. Jones;R. W. L. Jones;T. W. Jones;T. J. Jones;O. Jonsson;C. Joram;P. M. Jorge;J. Joseph;T. Jovin;X. Ju;C. A. Jung;V. Juranek;P. Jussel;A. Juste Rozas;V. V. Kabachenko;S. Kabana;M. Kaci;A. Kaczmarska;P. Kadlecik;M. Kado;H. Kagan;M. Kagan;S. Kaiser;E. Kajomovitz;S. Kalinin;L. V. Kalinovskaya;S. Kama;N. Kanaya;M. Kaneda;T. Kanno;V. A. Kantserov;J. Kanzaki;B. Kaplan;A. Kapliy;J. Kaplon;D. Kar;M. Karagounis;M. Karagoz;M. Karnevskiy;K. Karr;V. Kartvelishvili;A. N. Karyukhin;L. Kashif;G. Kasieczka;R. D. Kass;A. Kastanas;M. Kataoka;Y. Kataoka;E. Katsoufis;J. Katzy;V. Kaushik;K. Kawagoe;T. Kawamoto;G. Kawamura;M. S. Kayl;V. A. Kazanin;M. Y. Kazarinov;J. R. Keates;R. Keeler;R. Kehoe;M. Keil;G. D. Kekelidze;J. Kennedy;C. J. Kenney;M. Kenyon;O. Kepka;N. Kerschen;B. P. Kerševan;S. Kersten;K. Kessoku;J. Keung;F. Khalil-zada;H. Khandanyan;A. Khanov;D. Kharchenko;A. Khodinov;A. G. Kholodenko;A. Khomich;T. J. Khoo;G. Khoriauli;A. Khoroshilov;N. Khovanskiy;V. Khovanskiy;E. Khramov;J. Khubua;H. Kim;M. S. Kim;P. C. Kim;S. H. Kim;N. Kimura;O. Kind;B. T. King;M. King;R. S. B. King;J. Kirk;L. E. Kirsch;A. E. Kiryunin;T. Kishimoto;D. Kisielewska;T. Kittelmann;A. M. Kiver;E. Kladiva;J. Klaiber-Lodewigs;M. Klein;U. Klein;K. Kleinknecht;M. Klemetti;A. Klier;A. Klimentov;R. Klingenberg;E. B. Klinkby;T. Klioutchnikova;P. F. Klok;S. Klous;E.-E. Kluge;T. Kluge;P. Kluit;S. Kluth;N. S. Knecht;E. Kneringer;J. Knobloch;E. B. F. G. Knoops;A. Knue;B. R. Ko;T. Kobayashi;M. Kobel;M. Kocian;P. Kodys;K. Köneke;A. C. König;S. Koenig;L. Köpke;F. Koetsveld;P. Koevesarki;T. Koffas;E. Koffeman;F. Kohn;Z. Kohout;T. Kohriki;T. Koi;T. Kokott;G. M. Kolachev;H. Kolanoski;V. Kolesnikov;I. Koletsou;J. Koll;D. Kollar;M. Kollefrath;S. D. Kolya;A. A. Komar;Y. Komori;T. Kondo;T. Kono;A. I. Kononov;R. Konoplich;N. Konstantinidis;A. Kootz;S. Koperny;S. V. Kopikov;K. Korcyl;K. Kordas;V. Koreshev;A. Korn;A. Korol;I. Korolkov;E. V. Korolkova;V. A. Korotkov;O. Kortner;S. Kortner;V. V. Kostyukhin;M. J. Kotamäki;S. Kotov;V. M. Kotov;A. Kotwal;C. Kourkoumelis;V. Kouskoura;A. Koutsman;R. Kowalewski;T. Z. Kowalski;W. Kozanecki;A. S. Kozhin;V. Kral;V. A. Kramarenko;G. Kramberger;M. W. Krasny;A. Krasznahorkay;J. Kraus;J. K. Kraus;A. Kreisel;F. Krejci;J. Kretzschmar;N. Krieger;P. Krieger;K. Kroeninger;H. Kroha;J. Kroll;J. Kroseberg;J. Krstic;U. Kruchonak;H. Krüger;T. Kruker;N. Krumnack;Z. V. Krumshteyn;A. Kruth;T. Kubota;S. Kuehn;A. Kugel;T. Kuhl;D. Kuhn;V. Kukhtin;Y. Kulchitsky;S. Kuleshov;C. Kummer;M. Kuna;N. Kundu;J. Kunkle;A. Kupco;H. Kurashige;M. Kurata;Y. A. Kurochkin;V. Kus;M. Kuze;J. Kvita;R. Kwee;A. Rosa;L. Rotonda;L. Labarga;J. Labbe;S. Lablak;C. Lacasta;F. Lacava;H. Lacker;D. Lacour;V. R. Lacuesta;E. Ladygin;R. Lafaye;B. Laforge;T. Lagouri;S. Lai;E. Laisne;M. Lamanna;C. L. Lampen;W. Lampl;E. Lancon;U. Landgraf;M. P. J. Landon;H. Landsman;J. L. Lane;C. Lange;A. J. Lankford;F. Lanni;K. Lantzsch;S. Laplace;C. Lapoire;J. F. Laporte;T. Lari;A. V. Larionov;A. Larner;C. Lasseur;M. Lassnig;P. Laurelli;W. Lavrijsen;P. Laycock;A. B. Lazarev;O. Dortz;E. Guirriec;C. Maner;E. Menedeu;C. Lebel;T. LeCompte;F. Ledroit-Guillon;H. Lee;J. S. H. Lee;S. C. Lee;L. Lee;M. Lefebvre;M. Legendre;A. Leger;B. C. LeGeyt;F. Legger;C. Leggett;M. Lehmacher;G. Lehmann Miotto;X. Lei;M. A. L. Leite;R. Leitner;D. Lellouch;M. Leltchouk;B. Lemmer;V. Lendermann;K. J. C. Leney;T. Lenz;G. Lenzen;B. Lenzi;K. Leonhardt;S. Leontsinis;C. Leroy;J-R. Lessard;J. Lesser;C. G. Lester;A. Leung Fook Cheong;J. Levêque;D. Levin;L. J. Levinson;M. S. Levitski;A. Lewis;G. H. Lewis;A. M. Leyko;M. Leyton;B. Li;H. Li;S. Li;X. Li;Z. Liang;H. Liao;B. Liberti;P. Lichard;M. Lichtnecker;K. Lie;W. Liebig;R. Lifshitz;C. Limbach;A. Limosani;M. Limper;S. C. Lin;F. Linde;J. T. Linnemann;E. Lipeles;L. Lipinsky;A. Lipniacka;T. M. Liss;D. Lissauer;A. Lister;A. M. Litke;C. Liu;D. Liu;H. Liu;J. B. Liu;M. Liu;S. Liu;Y. Liu;M. Livan;S. S. A. Livermore;A. Lleres;J. Llorente Merino;S. L. Lloyd;E. Lobodzinska;P. Loch;W. S. Lockman;T. Loddenkoetter;F. K. Loebinger;A. Loginov;C. W. Loh;T. Lohse;K. Lohwasser;M. Lokajicek;J. Loken;V. P. Lombardo;R. E. Long;L. Lopes;D. Lopez Mateos;J. Lorenz;M. Losada;P. Loscutoff;F. Lo Sterzo;M. J. Losty;X. Lou;A. Lounis;K. F. Loureiro;J. Love;P. A. Love;A. J. Lowe;F. Lu;H. J. Lubatti;C. Luci;A. Lucotte;A. Ludwig;D. Ludwig;I. Ludwig;J. Ludwig;F. Luehring;G. Luijckx;D. Lumb;L. Luminari;E. Lund;B. Lund-Jensen;B. Lundberg;J. Lundberg;J. Lundquist;M. Lungwitz;G. Lutz;D. Lynn;J. Lys;E. Lytken;H. Ma;L. L. Ma;J. A. Macana Goia;G. Maccarrone;A. Macchiolo;B. Maček;J. Machado Miguens;R. Mackeprang;R. J. Madaras;W. F. Mader;R. Maenner;T. Maeno;P. Mättig;S. Mättig;L. Magnoni;E. Magradze;Y. Mahalalel;K. Mahboubi;G. Mahout;C. Maiani;C. Maidantchik;A. Maio;S. Majewski;Y. Makida;N. Makovec;P. Mal;Pa. Malecki;P. Malecki;V. P. Maleev;F. Malek;U. Mallik;D. Malon;C. Malone;S. Maltezos;V. Malyshev;S. Malyukov;R. Mameghani;J. Mamuzic;A. Manabe;L. Mandelli;I. Mandić;R. Mandrysch;J. Maneira;P. S. Mangeard;I. D. Manjavidze;A. Mann;P. M. Manning;A. Manousakis-Katsikakis;B. Mansoulie;A. Manz;A. Mapelli;L. Mapelli;L. March;J. F. Marchand;F. Marchese;G. Marchiori;M. Marcisovsky;A. Marin;C. P. Marino;F. Marroquim;R. Marshall;Z. Marshall;F. K. Martens;S. Marti-Garcia;A. J. Martin;B. Martin;B. Martin;F. F. Martin;J. P. Martin;Ph. Martin;T. A. Martin;V. J. Martin;B. Ma

Measurement of charged particle multiplicities and densities in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV in the forward region

Charged particle multiplicities are studied in proton–proton collisions in the forward region at a centre-ofmass energy of √ s = 7 TeV with data collected by the LHCb detector. The forward spectrometer allows access to a kinematic range of 2.0 < η < 4.8 in pseudorapidity, momenta greater than 2 GeV/c and transverse momenta greater than 0.2 GeV/c. The measurements are performed using events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic acceptance. The results are presented as functions of pseudorapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators