Solvent Induced Disulfide Bond Formation in 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole

Disulfide bond formation is the decisive event in the protein folding to determine the conformation and stability of protein. To achieve this disulfide bond formation in vitro, we took 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) as a model compound. We found that disulfide bond formation takes place between two sulfhydryl groups of DMcT molecules in methanol. UV-Vis, FT-IR and mass spectroscopic as well as cyclic voltammetry were used to monitor the course of reaction. We proposed a mechanism for the solvent induced disulfide bond formation on the basis of the results we obtained

Seaweed exploitation and Industry in India

Since the inception of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Mandapam in 1947, research on seaweeds and their utilisation is being carried out. Later on research on Indian seaweeds Was started by Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa and some State Government Fisheries Department

Murugan and its Worship in Kapilar songs

Kapilar sang most of the songs in Ettuthogai and Pathupaatu of Sangam literature. He was also called 'Kurinjikor Kapilar'. Out of that 235 songs were sung by Kapilar. Of these 38 songs are about the external subjects and the remaining 197 songs are about internal subjects. Out of this 197 1 songs belong to Paalai land, 3 to Neythal land, 1 to Mullai land and 1 to Marutham land.  The remaining 191 songs belong to Kurinji land. There are others who have sung a verse in such detail. Since Kapilar has sung many Kurinchi songs, the aim of this article is to study the Kurinji land god Murugan and its worship

Changes in growth, reproduction, alginic acid and Mannitol contents

Results obtained on the changes in growth, reproduction, alginic acid and mannitol contents of Turbinoria decurrens carried out for one year from March, 1973 to February, 1974 are presented. Young plants of T. decurrens appear in May and grow to a minimum size between December and February. Branching starts from August and maximum number of branched plants occur in November. Reproductive plants were observed throughout the year. The yield of alginic acid varies from 16.3 to 26.3 % and the estimated mannitol content from 1.5 to 8.7 %. T. decurrens may be harvested in the months between December and February for extraction of alginic acid

Tropical Cyclones

The term 'Cyclone' derived from a Greek word meaning the coil of a snake, is used for tropical revolving storms occurring in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. These storms are confined to definite regions of the earth and occur, for the most part, in the tropical portions of the western sides of the great oceans. The term cyclone is applied to all tropical storms although they are known as 'hurricanes' in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, as 'typhoons' in the Western Pacific, as 'willy willias' in the Australian Seas and as 'Baguios' in the Philippines

Need for conservation of economically important seaweeds of Tamil Nadu coast and time-table for their commercial exploitation

To conserve the natural stock and also to get consistent crop year after year, the seaweed collectors have to follow a suitable time-table. Attempts must be made by the seaweed based industries to exploit these seaweeds during the maximum growth periods from their places of occurrence in order to meet the raw material requirements and also to conserve the economically important seaweeds growing in Tamil Nadu coast

An image steganography using improved hyper-chaotic Henon map and fractal Tromino

Steganography is a vital security approach that hides any secret content within ordinary data, such as multimedia. First, the cover image is converted into a wavelet environment using the integer wavelet transform (IWT), which protects the cover images from false mistakes. The grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is used to choose the pixel’s image that would be utilized to insert the hidden image in the cover image. GWO effectively selects pixels by calculating entropy, pixel intensity, and fitness function using the cover images. Moreover, the secret image was encrypted by utilizing a proposed hyper-chaotic improved Henon map and fractal Tromino. The suggested method increases computational security and efficiency with increased embedding capacity. Following the embedding algorithm of the secret image and the alteration of the cover image, the least significant bit (LSB) is utilized to locate the tempered region and to provide self-recovery characteristics in the digital image. According to the findings, the proposed technique provides a more secure transmission network with lower complexity in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized cross correlation (NCC), structural similarity index (SSIM), entropy and mean square error (MSE). As compared to the current approaches, the proposed method performed better in terms of PSNR 70.58% Db and SSIM 0.999 respectively

Seaweed potential and its exploitation in India

The potential areas in India for luxuriant growth of seaweeds are south Tamil Nadu coast, Gujarat coast, Lakshadweep and Andaman Nicobar Islands. The total standing crop of seaweeds from Intertidal and shallow waters of all maritime states and Lakshadweep Islands was estimated as 91339 tons (wet WI.) The quantity of seaweeds growing in deep waters ofTamiJ Nadu was estimated as 75372 tons (wet wt) in an area of 1863 sq km from Dhanushkodi to Kanyakumari. Data were collected every month from 1978 to 1995 from the seaweed landing centres in Tamil Nadu on the quantity of seaweeds exploited from the natural seaweed beds. During this period the quantity of agar yielding seaweeds Gelidiella acerosa, Graci/aria edulis, G. crassa and G. foliifera exploited in a year varied from 248 to 1289 tons (dry wt).; algin yielding seaweeds Sargassum spp and Turbinaria spp from 651 5537 tons (dry wt) and all the above seaweeds from 1177 to 6420 tons (dry wt). Since several years, agar yielding red algae are over exploited in Tamil Nadu. The need for conservat ion of commercially important seaweeds of Tamil Nadu and time - table for their commercial exploitation are given. The harvesting of under exploited and unexploited seaweeds from Tamil Nadu and unexploited seaweeds from other parts of Indian coast are suggested

Study of outcome of the treatment with intravenous iron sucrose in moderately anaemic pregnant women

Background: Moderate anaemia seen in about 15-20% of pregnant women. Iron sucrose complex which is used intravenously for the correction of Iron deficiency anaemia. The drug has been able to raise the haemoglobin to satisfactory level when used in moderately anaemic iron deficient pregnant women. The objective of this study was to study the improvement of Hb% after treatment with intravenous Iron sucrose complex in moderately anaemic pregnant women belonging to 24-32 weeks of gestational age.Methods: 50 antenatal patients between gestational age 24-32 weeks with hemoglobin between 8-9.5g/dl were selected and included in this study. They were subjected to blood hemoglobin estimation, hematocrit and peripheral smear study. In each infusion, the maximum total dose administered was 200 mg iron sucrose in 100 ml of normal saline, slow IV infused over 30 minutes. Monitoring was done throughout the infusion to observe for any side effects.Results: Mean hemoglobin among the 50 patients before starting the therapy was 8.172g/dl and the mean hemoglobin at the end of one month of completing the therapy was 11.066g/dl. The rise in mean hemoglobin i.e. the difference in the mean hemoglobin before and after treatment was 2.894g/dl. The p value is 0.0001 which is statistically significant. The mean hematocrit of the 50 patients studied before starting the treatment was 26.772% with a standard deviation of 1.914. The mean hematocrit after completing the therapy was 33.872% with a standard deviation of 1.321. The difference in the mean hematocrit was 7.100% with a p value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant.Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose complex is well tolerated and highly efficacious in improving hemoglobin, hematocrit in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in antenatal women